Basic Pharmacology Flashcards
(238 cards)
1
Q
antibiotic
A
-used for bacterial infection
2
Q
black box warning
A
- state potential new and life-threatening risks of taking specific medications
- given by FDA
3
Q
brand names
A
- some brand names dont have a generic
- there can be multiple brands for a generic
4
Q
albuterol
A
-bronchodilator
5
Q
amlodipine besylate
A
- antihypertensive
- calcium channel blocker
6
Q
amoxicillin
A
antibiotic
7
Q
aripiprazole
A
antipsychotic
8
Q
atorvastatin
A
- antilipemic
- statin
9
Q
azithromycin
A
antibiotic
10
Q
celecoxib
A
anti-inflammatory
11
Q
cephalexin
A
antibiotic
12
Q
ciprofloxacin
A
antibiotic
13
Q
clopidogrel
A
antiplatelet
14
Q
donepezil
A
anti-alzheimers
15
Q
duloxetine
A
antidepressant
16
Q
enoxaparin
A
anticoagulant
17
Q
escitalopram
A
antidepressant
18
Q
esomeprazole
A
anti-ulcer agent
-proton pump inhibitor
19
Q
fenofibrate
A
antilipemic
20
Q
fluticasone/salmeterol
A
antiasthma
- glucocorticoid
- bronchodilator
21
Q
furosemide
A
diuretic
22
Q
gabapentin
A
anticonvulsant
23
Q
hydrochlorothiazide
A
diuretic
24
Q
hydrocodone plus acetaminophen
A
opioid (narcotic) analgesic
25
insulin
hypoglycemic
26
levofloxacin
antibiotic
27
levothyroxine
thyroid hormone
28
lisinopril
antihypertensive
| -ACE inhibitor
29
losartan
antihypertensive
30
memantine
anti-alzheimers
31
metformin
hypoglycemic
32
methylphenidate
central nervous system stimulant
33
metoprolol succinate
antihypertensive
| -beta blocker
34
metoprolol tartrate
antihypertensive
| -beta blocker
35
montelukast
bronchodilator
| -leukotriene inhibitor
36
olanzapine
antipsychotic
37
omeprazole
anti-ulcer agent
| -proton pump inhibitor
38
oxycodone
opioid (narcotic) analgesic
39
pioglitazone
hypoglycemic
40
pravastatin
antilipemic
| -statin
41
prednisone
glucocorticoid
42
pregabalin
anticonvulsant
43
quetiapine
antipsychotic
44
rosuvastatin
antilipemic
| -statin
45
sildenafil
erectile dysfunction agent
46
simvastatin
antilipemic
| -statin
47
sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim
antibiotic
48
tramadol
analgesic
49
valsartan
antihypertensive
50
warfarin
anticoagulant
51
zolpidem
sedative-hypnotic (for sleep)
52
amp
ampule
53
cap
capsule
54
cr
cream
55
elix
elixir
56
liq
liquid
57
lot
lotion
58
sup
suppository
- small, solid, cylinder
- insertion into rectum or vagina
59
syr
syrup
60
tab
tablet
61
ung
ointment
62
C
cup, Celsius
63
ds
double strength
64
g, gm
gram
65
gr
grain
66
gtt
drop
67
kg
kilogram
68
L
liter
69
lb
pound
70
mcg
microgram
71
mEq
milliequivalent
72
mg
milligram(s)
73
mg/dL
milligrams per deciliter
74
oz
ounce
75
qt
quart
76
tbsp
tablespoon
77
tsp
teaspoon
78
ID
intradermally
79
IM
intramuscularly
80
inj
inject, injection
81
IV
intravenously
82
PO
by mouth, orally
83
PR
rectally
84
r, rec
rectally
85
subcut
subcutaneously
86
top
topically
87
a
before
88
ac
before meals
89
ad lib
as desired
90
AM
morning
91
bid
twice a day
92
line over c
with
93
d
daily, day
94
h, hr
hour
95
noct
night
96
pc
after meals
97
PM
evening, nighttime
98
PRN
whenever necessary
99
q
every
100
qam
every morning
101
q4h
every 4 hours
102
qid
4 times per day
103
stat
immediately
104
ut dict
as directed
105
agit
shake, stir
106
aq
water
107
ASA
aspirin
108
cmpd
compound
109
DAW
dispense as written
110
dil
dilute
111
disp
dispense
112
eq
equivalent
113
ext
extract
114
Fe
iron
115
gen
generic
116
H2O
water
117
K
potassium
118
MDI
metered-dose inhaler
119
med
medicine
120
MO
mineral oil
121
neb
nebulizer
122
NKA
no known allergies
123
NPO
nothing by mouth (nil per os)
124
N/V
nausea/vomiting
125
OTC
over-the-counter
126
O2
oxygen
127
nr
no refills
128
per
by means of, through
129
qs
sufficient amount
130
rept
repeat
131
rf
refill(s)
132
rx
prescription, treatment
133
line over s
without
134
sig
write on the label
135
susp
suspension
| -dissolves
136
sx
symptoms
137
tinc
tincture
| -medicinal preparation in an alcohol base
138
TO
telephone order
139
tx
treatment
140
VO
verbal order
141
US Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
- designates medications into 5 schedules
| - 5 schedules- potential for abuse or dont have medical use
142
5 schedules
- sorted by therapeutic action, chemical formulation, body system, symptoms they relieve
- a medication can be in more than one category
143
gabapentin and pregabalin
- anticonvulsants but also analgesics
| - relieve seizures and neuropathic (nerve) pain
144
hydrochlorothiazide
- diuretic
| - antihypertensive
145
analgesics
relieve pain
- acetaminophen
- hydrocodone
146
antacids/anti-ulcer
neutralize stomach acid
- esomeprazole
- calcium carbonate
147
antibiotics
kills bacteria
- amoxicillin
- ciprofloxacin
148
anticholinergics
reduce bronchospasm
- ipratropium
- dicyclomine
149
anticoagulants
delay blood clotting
- warfarin
- enoxaparin
- heparin
150
anticonvulsants
prevent or control seizures
- clonazepam
- phenytoin
- gabapentin
151
antidepressants
relieve depression
- doxepin
- fluoxetine
- duloxetine
- selegiline
152
antidiarrheals
reduce diarrhea
- bismuth subsalicylate
- loperamide
153
antiemetics
reduce nausea, vomiting
- metoclopramide
- ondansetron
154
antifungals
kill fungi
- fluconazole
- nystatin
- micronazole
155
antihistamines
relieve allergies
- diphenhydramine
- cetirizine
- luratadine
156
antihypertensives
lower blood pressure
- metoprolol
- lisinopril
- valsartan
- clonidine
157
anti-inflammatories
reduce inflammation
- ibuprofen
- celecoxib
- naproxen
158
antilipemics
lower cholesterol
- atorvastatin
- fenofibrate
159
antimigraine agents
relieve migraine headaches
- topiramate
- sumatriptan
160
anti-osteoporosis agents
improve done density
- alendronate
- ibandronate
- calcitonin
161
antipsychotics
- control psychotic symptoms
- quetiapine
- haloperidol
- risperidone
162
antipyretics
reduce fever
- acetaminophen
- ibuprofen
- aspirin
163
antispasmodics/muscle relaxants
reduce or prevent muscle spasms
- cyclobenzaprine
- methocarbamol
164
antitussives/expectorants
control cough, promote elimination of mucus
- dextromethorphan
- codeine
- guaifenesin
165
antivirals
kill viruses
- acyclovir
- interferon
- oseltamivir
166
anxiolytics (antianxiety)
reduce anxiety
- clonazepam
- diazepam
- lorazepam
167
bronchodilators
relax airway muscles
- albuterol
- isoproterenol
- theophylline
168
central nervous system stimulants
reduce hyperactivity
- methylphenidate
- modafinil
169
contraceptives
prevent pregnancy
- medroxyprogesterone
- acetate
- ethinyl estradiol
170
decongestants
relieve nasal congestion
- pseudoephendrine
- mometasone
171
diuretics
eliminate excess fluid
- furosemide
- hydrochlorothiazide
172
hormone replacement
stabilize hormone deficiencies
- levothyroxine
- insulin
- desmopressin
- estrogen
173
laxatives, stool softeners
promote bowel movements
- magnesium hydroxide
- bisacodyl
174
oral hypoglycemics
reduce blood glucose
- metformin
- acarbose
- glyburide
175
sedative-hypnotics
induce sleep/relaxation
- zolpidem
- temazepam
- eszopiclone
176
Controlled Substances Act (CSA)
- 5 schedules
| - controlled substances according to potential abuse and addiction
177
Schedule 1
- high potential for abuse
- no approved medical use in US (cant be prescribed)
- illegal
- heroin, mescaline, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
- cannabis (in some states)
178
Schedule 2
- high potential for abuse
- considered dangerous and can lead to psychological and physical dependence
- morphine, methadone, oxycodone, hydromorphone, hydrocodone, fentanyl, methamphentamine
- hand written prescriptions
- no refills
- secure, locked cabinet storage
179
Schedule 3
- moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence
- ketamine, anabolic steroids, testosterone
- handwritten prescription
- may refill 5 times within 6 months
180
Schedule 4
- substances that have low potential for abuse and dependence
- diazepam, zolpidem, eszopiclone, alprazolam, chlordiazepoxide, clonazepam
- sign prescription
- refill 5 times in 6 months
- authorize refills over phone
181
Schedule 5
- contain limited quantities of some narcotics
- antidiarrheal, antitussive, analgesic
- diphenoxylate with atropine, pregabalin, lacosamide, opium/kaolin/pectin/belladonna
- sign prescriptions
- refill 5 times in 6 months
- authorize over phone
182
therapeutic effects
-the good effects of medication
183
adverse event
- unintended, harmful reaction to medications
- allergic reaction
- prevents further use
184
contraindication
-symptoms or condition that makes a particular treatment or medication inadvisable or even dangerous
185
precautions
-problems that pose a lesser risk but require close observation and monitoring during medication therapy
186
indication
-the indication for an antihypertensive drug (for ex.) is high blood pressure
187
side effects
- develop predictably and unavoidably
- not necessarily harmful
- ex. side effect to antihistamine is sleepiness
- different from adverse effects
188
contraindication
- specific situation in which a drug should not be used because it may be harmful to the person
- most common contraindication is hypersensitivity (previous allergic rxn)
- another contraindication is how a medication reacts with certain foods and other medications
189
length measurement
-use for some creams
190
micro
1/1000000 of base unit
191
milli
1/1000 of base unit
192
centi
1/100 of base unit
193
base unit
1
194
kilo
x1000 of base unit
195
apothecary measurements
- 15 grains= 1,000 mg
- 1 minim = 1 drop
- 1 dram = 60 minims = 1 tsp = 5 mL
196
mg to mcg
.008 mg = 88 mcg
| -x1000
197
dosage calculation: formula method
desired / have
| -what to give divided by what you have
198
pediatric dosage
-use weight calculations
199
body surface area (BSA)
- most accurate way to calculate dose based on weight for children up to age 12
- calculate BSA with a nomogram
- (childs dose (BSA) x adult dose)/1.7 meters^2
200
aerosols
inhalation
201
caplets
oral
202
capsules
oral
203
creams
topical, vaginal, rectal
204
drops
otic, ophthalmic, nasal
205
dry powder for inhalation
inhalation
206
elixirs
oral
207
emulsions
oral
208
foams
vaginal
209
gels
oral, topical, rectal
210
injectable liquids
IV, IM, subcut, ID
211
liniments
topical
212
lotions
topical
213
lozenges
oral
214
mist
inhalation, nasal
215
ointments
topical, ophthalmic, otic, vaginal, rectal
216
patches
topical (transdermal)
217
powders
topical
218
powders for reconstitution
IV, IM, subcut, ID
219
solid extracts, fluid extracts
oral
220
solutions
oral, topical, vaginal, urethral, rectal (enemas)
221
sprays
topical, nasal, inhalation, sublingual
222
steam
inhalation
223
suppositories
vaginal, rectal
224
suspensions
oral
225
syrups
oral
226
tablets
oral, buccal, sublingual, vaginal
227
tinctures
oral, topical
228
route of administration
- included on every prescription
- two routes:
- enteral- through GI
- parenteral- outside GI tract
229
parenteral route
- outside GI tracts
- epidural
- intra-arterial
- intra-articular
- intradermal
- intramuscular
- intraosseous
- intraperitoneal
- intrapleural
- intrathecal
- intravenous
- subcutaneous
230
enteral route
- through GI tract
- buccal
- oral
- sublingual
231
other routes of administration
- nasal
- ophthalmic
- otic
- rectal
- respiratory/inhaled
- topical/transdermal
- vaginal
- urethral
- not enteral or parenteral route
232
pharmacokinetics
- how medications move through the body
- onset activity, peak time, duration
- absorption
- distribution
- metabolism
- excretion
233
absorption
- body converts medication and streams in blood
- liquids absorb faster
- varies with route -> IV goes directly into blood -> quicker
- all medications end up in blood
- how easily the medication dissolves in fat plays a role
- surface area available for absorption (intestines are faster than stomach)
234
distribution
- transportation of medication
- bloodstream -> to organs
- blood brain barrier protects
- passes placental barrier easily -> this is why its risky for pregnant pts to take
235
metabolism
- changes active forms of medication into harmless metabolites ready for excretion
- liver, kidneys
- age, genetics, # of medications, health affect this
- dosages are modified for infants and older people to compensate for metabolism variation
236
excretion
- removal of medication metabolites from body
- kidneys -> urine
- feces, saliva, bile, sweat glands, breast milk, exhaled air
- medications half life is how long it takes for processes of metabolism and excretion to eliminate half a dosage
237
rights of medication administration
- right patient- 2 pt identifiers
- right medication- check 3 times
- right dose
- right time
- right route
- right assessment- ask about allergies
- right to refuse
- right documentation- document when you administer
- right to know- inform about medication
238
physician desk reference
- available each year
| - current detailed information about medication
