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ELEC1002(Electrical Principles) > Basic Principles > Flashcards

Basic Principles Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

What is a positive ion?

A

An electron that loose electrons

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2
Q

What is a negative ion?

A

An electron that gains electrons

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3
Q

How is voltage created

A

when positive and negative charges are separated a potential difference aka voltage is created

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4
Q

What also happens when charges are separated

A

Energy (W) is expended (spent/used)

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5
Q

Voltage formula in terms of charge

A

V=W/Q
Voltage = energy / charge
Energy in joules and charge in coloumb

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6
Q

1 Volt in J/C

A

1 J/C

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7
Q

What is current

A

Current is the rate of flow of charge

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8
Q

What causes current to flow through the conductive path

A

Voltage

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9
Q

Current formula in terms of charge

A

I=Q/t
I is current in amperes
Q is charge in coulombs
t os time in secs

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10
Q

How does conventional current flow

A

Out of the positive terminal, through the circuit and back into the negative terminal of the source

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11
Q

Define power

A

The rate of expending or absorbing energy

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12
Q

What is the power formula

A

P= W/t = (W/Q) x (Q/t) =VI

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13
Q

Current in terms charge

A

I= Q/t
Charge over time

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14
Q

What is the unit for power

A

Watts or JC-1

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15
Q

Power in terms of volts

A

P = I V

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16
Q

Define an active element and gibe examples

A

A component that supplies/generates electrical energy, voltage sources, current sources and semiconductor diodes

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17
Q

Define passive devices and give examples

A

A component that consumes electrical energy and converts its to another form or stores it in an electrical or magnetic field.
Resistor, inductor, capacitor

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18
Q

Define resistance

A

Resistance is the capacity of materials to impede the flow of current.

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19
Q

What happens to voltage across a resistor?

A

A voltage drop occurs across a resistor

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20
Q

The voltage drop across a resistor is related to the resistor’s

A

Current trait and resistance

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21
Q

What formula is associated with ohms laws

A

V=IR

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22
Q

State ohms laws

A

The current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage applied and inversely proportional to the resistance

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23
Q

Formula for power dissipated by resistor

A

P/IV

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24
Q

Another formula for power, including resistance and how it is derived

A

Sub for I or V using V=IR

P = I V
using V=IR
P= I I R
P= I²R

OR

P = I V
using I = V/R
P= V x V/ R
P= V²/ R

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25
What does the resistance of a conductor depend on
Length of material Cross sectional area Resistivity Temperature
26
Resistance formula that includes resistivity
R= (ρ L)/A R is resistance ohms ρ is resistivity in ohms L is length in cm A is area in squared
27
Explain the the resistance equation with resistivity in it
Resistance, R, is directly proportional to length, l, of avconductor,vi.e. R ∝ l.Thus,for example, if the length of a piece of wire is doubled, then the resistance is doubled. Resistance, R, is inversely proportional to cross- sectional area, a, of a conductor, i.e. R ∝ 1/a. Thus, for example, if the cross-sectional area of a piece of wire is doubled then the resistance is halved. Since R∝ l and R ∝ 1/a then R ∝ l/a. By inserting a constant of proportionality into this relationship the type of material used may be taken into account
28
Resistance varies with temperature explain how
Temperature as Temperature increases resistance increases, ρ is usually at room temperatures unless stated otherwise
29
When I = V/ohms what is the unit
Amperes
30
When I = V/kilo ohms what is the unit
milli ampere
31
What is a negative electrode called
Cathode
32
What is the positive electrode called
Anode
33
What does ohms laws state about a resistor
When current flows through the resistor, it creates a potential difference aka a voltage drop across that resistor
34
What is said about power in a series circuit
Total power consumed by the circuit is equal to total power consumed by individual components
35
What does KVL state and which law is it 1st or 2nd
It's his second law and it states The algebraic sum of all potential/voltage differences around a closed loop is equal to zero
36
What is a voltage divider
Any series circuit with more than one resistor
37
What is the voltage divider rule worded
In a series circuit the voltage drop across resistors will in amounts proportional to the resistance value
38
Voltage divider rule formula
Vₓ= Rₓ/Rₜ by E
39
When you see V with a single subscript what does that mean when it comes to measure notation and references
You measure with respect to ground and therefore you take awaw
40
When you see V with a double subscript what does that mean when it comes to measure notation and references
You measure with to thos reference and therefore it the algebraic sum with in those reference polarity applies
41
What is a parallel circuit?
A circuit where to 2 or more components are connected in such a way that one end of each device is connected to a common point and the other ends are connected to a second common point therefore there is more than one part for electron/current flow
42
What can be said about the total resistance in a parallel circuit and compared to the other resistance in the circuit?
In a parallel circuit the total resistance is less than the smallest resistor
43
What is a series circuit?
A circuit where all components I’ll connected in a successive order and only have one part for electron/current flow.
44
State Kirchhoff’s current law
The algebraic sum of all currents entering and exiting in node must equal zero
45
What can be said about power in a parallel circuit?
Delivered by the source is equal to the sum of power dissipated by the individual loads
46
what is conductance ?
the measure of how easily current flows through a circuit
47
Conductance formula
G= 1/R s R is resistance S is the si units siemens
48
How to tell the difference between Conductance and Resistance
By the SI unit
49
Rₜ in a series circuit
Rₜ= R1 + R2 + R3
50
What can be said about the current in a series circuit and write an equation for your statement
The current through out is the same Iₜ=I1 + I2 +I3
51
Iₜ in a series circuit
Iₜ= Eₛ/Rₜ
52
Vₜ in a series circuit
Vₜ=V1 + V2 + V3
53
Vₜ in a parallel circuit
Vₜ= Vₛ = E ₛ= V1= V2 = V3
54
Iₜ in a parallel circuit
IRₜ=I1 + I2 +I3
55
What are the equations for Rₜ in a parallel circuit
Rₜ = E/Iₜ 1/Rₜ = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3
56
Pₜ in series circuit
Pₜ = P1 +P2 + P3
57
Pₜ in parallel circuit
Pₜ = P1 +P2 + P3
58
Current Divider Rule
Iₓ = Rₜ/ Rₓ by Iₜ TREX by i total
59
Current Divider Rule for resistors in parallel
Iₓ = Rᵧ/ (Rₓ+Rᵧ) by Iₜ other resistor over sum of two resistors by i total
60
Process for using KVL
Identify source and assign current direction (if there is more than one source the current flows in the one that is greater direction) Use current direction to assign polarity Move around loop CW or CCW and find the algebraic sum
61
Tips to solve Series parallel circuits
Look at it first and assume approach Start solving from the component that is furthest from the from the source Group exclusively the parallel and exclusively the series
62
Resistors in parallel with same value formula
R total= value of resistor/ number of resistors Rt = R/N
63
Total resistance when only 2 resistors are in parallel
R total = R1R2/R1+R2 P/S product over sum

ELEC1002(Electrical Principles) (7 decks)

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