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MFSRH part 2 > Basic Science And Anatomy > Flashcards

Basic Science And Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What spinal level do pain signals from the uterus, adnexae, ilium, colon and rectum travel via?

A

T10 - L1

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2
Q

Normal range of prolactin

A

50-450

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3
Q

Normal range of LH

A

2-12

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4
Q

Normal range of FSH

A

2 - 12

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5
Q

Normal range of Oestradiol

A

130-800

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6
Q

Arterial supply of the vagina

A

Vaginal artery and anastomoses with the uterine artery superiorly

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7
Q

At what gestation do limb buds develop

A

8 weeks

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8
Q

Average head circumference of a new born in the UK in CM

A

35 CM

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9
Q

Average length of the newborn in the UK in cm

A

50 CM

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10
Q

Average weight of a newborn in the UK in KG

A

3.5 KG

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11
Q

Borders of the femoral triangle

A

Lateral border = Medial border of sartorius
Superior border = inguinal ligament
Medial border = adductor longus

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12
Q

Branches of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery

A 
Umbilical 
Obturator 
Inferior vesical 
Middle rectal 
Internal pudendal Inferior gluteal 
Uterine 
Vaginal
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13
Q

Branches of the pudendal nerve

A

Inferior rectal nerves
Dorsal nerve of the penis / clitoris
Perineal nerve

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14
Q

Cause of uterine didelphys

A

Failure of fusion of the Müllerian duct.

Causes double uterine body, cervix and vagina

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15
Q

Clinical effect of injury to the femoral nerve

A

Quadriceps muscle weakness –> weak knee extension.
Anterior thigh numbness.
Decreased / absent knee jerk

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16
Q

Clinical effect of injury to the sciatic nerve

A

Affects all muscles below the knee.
Foot drop, loss of knee flexion.
Inability to walk.
Loss of ankle jerk Normal knee jerk

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17
Q

Contents of the inguinal canal

A

Spermatic cord or round ligament

and Ilioinguinal nerve

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18
Q

Dermatome supply of anterior upper arm

A

C5

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19
Q

Dermatome supply of level of the nipple

A

T4

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20
Q

Dermatome supply of level of umbilicus

A

T10

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21
Q

Dermatome supply of medial ante-cubital fossa

A

T1

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22
Q

Dermatome supply of the acromio-clavicular joint

A

C4

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23
Q

Dermatome supply of the axilla

A

T2

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24
Q

Dermatome supply of the little finger

A

C8

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25
Dermatome supply of the mid anterior thigh
L2
26
Dermatome supply of the middle finger
C7
27
Dermatome supply of the perianal area
S5
28
Dermatome supply of the thumb
c6
29
Duration for spermatogenesis
70-75 days
30
Floor of the femoral triangle
Adductor longus Part of adductor brevis Pectineus Iliopsoas
31
Functions of the phrenic nerve
motor to the diaphragm | Sensory to the fibrous pericardium, mediastinal pleura, and diaphragmatic peritoneum.
32
How many umbilical arteries and veins
2 arteries | 1 vein
33
In early pregnancy what action should be taken if the uterus is retroverted?
None - normal variant | unless fixed retroverted and becomes incarcerated in the pelvis during 2ndT onwards
34
Management of a fixed retroverted uterus which becomes incarcerated in the pelvis in 2nd T
Manual reduction +/- bladder drainage with catheter Or manual reduction under spinal Failing that - laparoscopy to re-position uterus
35
Length of the inguinal canal in adults
4cm
36
Length of vagina
6 - 7.5cm anteriorly | 9cm posteriorly
37
Lymph drainage of base of cervix
Internal iliac lymph nodes
38
Lymphatic drainage of the bladder
External Iliac nodes Fundus to internal iliac nodes Some to common Iliac and sacral
39
Lymphatic drainage of the distal rectum
Internal iliac nodes
40
Nerve root control of knee-jerk
L3/4
41
Nerve root of the femoral nerve
L2-4
42
Nerve root of the sciatic nerve
L4-5, S1-3
43
Nerve supply of the vagina
Lower part = pudendal nerve, inferior hypogastic and uterovaginal plexuses
44
Nerve supply of the vulva
Pudendal nerve gives branches of inferior rectal branch, divides into perineal nerve and dorsal nerve of the clitoris. Perineal nerve = sensory to the vulva. Dorsal nerve of clitoris = sensory. Sensation from the mons passes via the ilioinguinal and genitofemoral nerves.
45
Ovarian arteries are branches from where
Direct branch off abdominal aorta
46
Relation of the phrenic nerve to the hilum of the lung
Passes anterior
47
Relation of the uterine artery to the broad ligament and ureter
Lies in the base of the boad ligament. | Crosses anterior to the ureter
48
Sensory supply of the perineum
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve.
49
Shape of external cervical os
In primips = circular | Multips= slit
50
Signs and symptoms of femoral nerve injury
Numbness over anterior thigh and medial leg Weakness of the quadriceps muscle causing weak knee extension Decreased knee-jerk
51
Signs and symptoms of sciatic nerve damage
Affects all muscles below the knee causing loss of knee flexion, foot drop and inability to walk Loss of ankle jerk Normal knee jerk
52
Symptoms of lateral cutaneous nerve injury / compression
Pain - paraesthesia / sensory loss over upper lateral thigh
53
The perineal body is the point of attachment for:
``` Bulbospongiosus Deep transverse perineal muscles External anal sphincter Pubococcygeus Superficial transverse perineal muscles Levator ani ```
54
The right ureter lies in close relation to what structures
``` Descending duodenum Right of the IVC Crossed by right colic and iliocolic vessels Uterine artery Suspensory ligament of the ovary ```
55
To what lymph group does the cervix drain to
Internal iliac
56
To what lymph group does the distal rectum drain to
Internal iliac
57
To what lymph group does the majority of the breast drain to
Pectoral group of | the axillary lymph nodes
58
To which lymph nodes does lymph from the scrotum and penis first pass?
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
59
Venous drainage of the bladder
Internal iliac veins
60
Venous drainage of the right ovary
Direct into inferior Vena cava
61
Venous drainage of the vagina
Vaginal plexus | With vaginal vein to internal iliac vein or uterine vein
62
Venus drainage of the left ovary
Left renal vein | into inferior Vena cava
63
What % of women have a retroverted uterus?
20%
64
What and where is the squamocolumnar junction?
Junction between ectocervix and endocervix. Exterior = squamous epithelium. Interior = columnar epithelium
65
What cell type is the ectocervix
squamous epithelium.
66
What cell type is the endocervix
columnar epithelium
67
What are he ovarian arteries a branch of
Direct branch off the abdominal aorta
68
What are the 3 cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve
Medial and intermediate cutaneous nerve of the thigh. | Saphenous nerve
69
What are the 3 sites of constriction of the ureters
Crossing the Pelvic brim Pelvo-ureteric junction vesico-uretreic junction
70
What are the borders of the femoral canal
Anterior - inguinal ligament Posterior - pectineal ligament Medial - lacunar ligament Lateral - femoral vein
71
What are the options for correction of a retroverted uterus?
Gilliam's ventrosuspension (laparoscopic) Hodge pessary Manchester procedure
72
what do leydig cells produce
Testosterone
73
What does the ductus venosus do
Connects left umbilical vein with upper inferior vena cava
74
What does the embryo have by 4 weeks
Closed neural tube Primitive heart Gill arches 0.5 cm long
75
What does the epidural space contain?
``` Fat Epidural veins (batsons plexus) Small arteries Lymphatics Spinal nerve roots ```
76
What does the thymus develop from
endoderm | of the third pharyngeal pouch
77
What hormone controls spermatogenesis
FSH (and Testosterone)
78
What is meralgia paraesthetica
Entrapment neuropathy - lateral cutaneous nerve
79
What is the anal reflex?
Pin prick of perianal skin causes a reflex contraction of external anal sphincter
80
What is the cervix composed of
Fibrous tissue
81
What is the ductus arteriosus
Connection between the pulmonary artery and descending aorta
82
What is the effect of vaginal doderleins bacteria
Lower vaginal PH
83
What is the Epiploic foramen
Communicating passage between the greatest sac and the lesser sac of the abdomen
84
What is the Manchester operation a correction for?
Retroverted uterus - reposition within pevis | OR repair uterine prolapse and cysto-urethrocele
85
What is the nerve root supply for the muscle group of the ankle reflex
S1-2
86
What is the nerve root supply for the muscle group of the biceps reflex
C5 - 6
87
What is the nerve root supply for the muscle group of the knee reflex
L3 - 4
88
What is the pituitary gland derived from embryologically
Anterior pituitary from Ectoderm | Posterior pituitary from neuroderm
89
What is the rectus sheath composed of?
Fibrous condensation of the aponeurotic layers of the anterior abdominal wall
90
What is the sacrum composed of
5 fused vertebral bodies
91
What is the transformation zone of the cervix?
The area where the columnar epithelium has under gone metaplasia to become squamous epithelium.
92
What is the uterine artery a branch off?
Anterior trunk of the Internal iliac artery.
93
What is uterine didelphys?
Uterine malformation where the uterus is paired. | Due to failure of fusion of Müllerian ducts
94
What is waldeyers sheath
And the investment of muscles surrounding the ureteral opening in the bladder wall
95
What joins the bladder to the umbilicus
Remains of the urachus - middle umbilical ligament
96
What lies within the femoral sheath
Femoral artery Femoral vein Lymphatics
97
What lymph group does the vulva drain to
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
98
What muscle is mainly responsible for knee extension
Quadriceps
99
What muscles does the median nerve innervate
LOAF muscles Flexor carpi radialis Pronator teres
100
What muscles does the radial nerve supply
Triceps, brachioradialis, supinator, abductor pollicis longus
101
What never roots mediates the anal reflex
S3-4
102
What roots supply the pudendal nerve
Anterior rami of S2-4
103
What separates the female bladder from the anterior surface of the uterus
Vesicouterine excavation
104
What structures prevent prolapse of the uterus and vagina
Uterosacral ligaments Cardinal ligaments Levator ani muscles
105
What substance keeps the ductus arteriosus patent during pregnancy
Prostaglandin E2
106
What type of epithelium lines the vagina
Stratified squamous epithelium
107
What vessel does the left ovarian vein drain into
Left renal vein | then the IVC
108
What vessel does the right ovarian vein drain into
Direct to Inferior vena cava (IVC)
109
Where does lymph from the Fallopian tube drain to?
Para-aortic nodes
110
Where does the femoral artery lie
Midinguinal point
111
Where does the foramen ovale connect
Connects right and left atria
112
Where is the metopic suture
Between the 2 frontal bones
113
Where is the midinguinal point
Midway between symphysis pubis and ASIS
114
Where is the optic chiasm in relation to the pituitary gland
Superior
115
Where is the pituitary gland found
Hypophyseal fossa in the sphenoid bone | Inferior to the optic chiasm
116
Where is the Sagittal suture
Separates the parietal bones | Extends from anterior fontanelle to posterior fontanelle
117
Which embryological structure is the round ligament of the uterus derived from
Gubernaculum
118
Which muscles in the lower limb is mainly responsible for ankle dorsiflexion
Tibialis anterior
119
What is finasteride
Finasteride is a 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor.
120
What is goserelin
Goserelin is a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogue.
121
What is Eflornithine
Eflornithine is an antiprotazoal
122
What is Cyproterone acetate
Cyproterone acetate is an anti-androgen and progestogen
123
What type of drug is metformin
Metformin is an insulin sensitiser
124
Inheritance pattern of Cystic Fibrosis
Autosomal recessive disorder
125
What is the velocity of ultrasound dependent upon?
Compressibility of the medium through which it travels. Greater compressibility = slower speed Compressibility is also affected tb temperature
126
Effects of ultrasound on tissues
Cavitation Heat generation Microstreaming
127
When does organogenesis occur?
Maximal at 6 - 8 weeks. | Occurs throughout 4 - 10 weeks
128
When does the neural tube close?
24-28 days after conception
129
Why is pre conceptual folic acid so important
Neural tube closes early - between 24-28 days after conception.
130
By what % does the maternal metabolic rate increase by during pregnancy?
25%
131
What cell type is the yolk sac lined by
Extra-embryonic endoderm. | Outside this is extra-embryonic mesenchyme
132
What is a blastocyst?
The structure formed in early pregnancy. Formation begins 5 days after fertilization. Rapid cleavage to 200-300 cells then embeds itself into the endometrium of the uterine wall
133
What is a zygote
A fertilized ovum
134
When does an embryo become a fetus
9 weeks

MFSRH part 2 (24 decks)

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