Basic Structures Flashcards
(59 cards)
- aka subcutaneous tissue/fat
or hypodermis - between skin and muscles
Superficial fascia
between adjacent muscles
deep fascia
produce the movements of the skeleton
- sometimes called voluntary muscles
- made up of striped muscle fibers
- has an origin and insertion
skeletal muscle
the fleshy part of the muscle
belly
cords of fibrous tissue attaching
the ends of a muscle to bones,
cartilage, or ligaments
tendons
a thin but strong sheet of
fibrous tissue attached to
flattened muscles
aponeurosis
an interdigitation of the tendinous
ends of fibers of flat muscles
raphe
provides the motive power for
propelling the contents through the
lumen in the tubes of the body; slow
and sustained contraction
- storage organs
smooth muscle
forms the myocardium of the heart
- have the property of spontaneous and rhythmic contraction
cardiac muscle
a site where two or more bones come together, whether or
not movement occurs between them
joints
The articulating surfaces of the
bones are joined by fibrous
tissue.
• Very little movement is
possible.
e.g. sutures, syndesmosis
fibrous joints
- hyaline cartilage
- no movement possible
primary (cartilaginous joint)
fibrocartilage with thin
layers of hyaline cartilage
- small amount of
movement possible
secondary (cartilaginous joint)
The articular surfaces of the
bones are covered by a thin layer
of hyaline cartilage separated by a
joint cavity.
• Permits a great degree of
freedom of movements
synovial joint
parts of synovial joint
Joint capsule
• Synovial membrane
• Synovial Fluid
• Articular discs
The apposed articular
surfaces are flat or almost
flat, and this permits the
bones to slide on one
another
plane joint (classification of synovial joint)
Resemble the hinge on a
door
Flexion and extension
movements are possible
hinge joint (csj)
A central bony pivot is
surrounded by a bony–
ligamentous ring
Rotation is the only
movement possible
pivot joint (csj)
Have two distinct convex
surfaces that articulate
with two concave surfaces.
Flexion, extension,
abduction, and adduction
with a small amount of
rotation
condyloid joint (csj)
An elliptical convex
articular surface fits into an
elliptical concave articular
surface.
Flexion, extension,
abduction, and adduction
can take place,
but rotation is impossible
ellipsoid joint (csj)
Articular surfaces are reciprocally
concavo-convex
Resemble a saddle on a horse’s back.
Flexion, extension,
abduction, adduction,
and rotation
saddle joint (csj)
A ballshaped head of one bone fits
into a socketlike concavity of
another.
Free movements, including flexion,
extension, abduction, adduction,
medial rotation, lateral rotation, and
circumduction
ball-and-socket joint (csj)
- prevent excessive
movement in a joint - capable of stretching
fibrous ligaments
return to their original
length after stretching
elastic ligaments
