Basic Types of Intravenous Fluids

Question 0

Effect of LR in body pH

Answer 0

LR has minimal effects on normal body fluid composition and pH

Question 1

Risk of using PNSS

Answer 1

Risk of hyperchloremic acidosis, due to high Cl content. High Cl content in the kidneys cannot be rapidly excreted. Dilutional acidosis may develop by reducing base bicarb relative to carbonic acid.

Question 4

Provide water that is not bound by macromolecules or organelles, thus are free to pass through membranes

Answer 4

Free water solutions

Question 5

Type of IV fluid:

Whole blood

Answer 5

Blood products, collloid

Question 6

True or False: LR provides calories to the intravenous system

Answer 6

False. LR does not provides calories

Question 8

True or False: pNSS provides calories to the intravenous system

Answer 8

False. PNSS does not provide free water or calories

Question 10

Lactate is converted readily in what organ

Answer 10

Liver. Lactate is converted readily to bicarbonate in the liver.

Question 11

Effective plasma expanders

Answer 11

Colloids

Question 13

Type of IV fluid:

Dextrose/crystalloid mixtures (D5LR, D5 0.9NaCl)

Answer 13

Free water solution

Question 14

How is 3% NaCl acts as a plasma expander

Answer 14

Hypertonic saline increases plasma osmolality and thereby acts as a plasma expander, increasing circulatory volume via movement of intracellular and interstitial water into the intravascular space. (Do not give to CHF patients!)

Question 18

Usually given when there is a large water deficit in the ICF compartment (indicated by plasma Na > 140 mm)

Answer 18

Electrolyte free water (D5W)

Question 19

Risk of using 3% NaCl

Answer 19

High risk for hypernatremia

Question 20

Type of IV fluid:

D50-50

Answer 20

Free water solution

Question 21

Initial fluid of choice to defend normal blood pressure

Answer 21

Normal or isotonic saline

Question 22

Type of IV fluid:

Dextran

Answer 22

Colloid

Question 23

Endpoints for IVF therapy

Answer 23

1. Normalization of vital signs
2. Urine output >0.5 ml/kg/hr
3. Restoration of normal mental status
4. Lack of clinical signs of fluid deficit

Question 24

True or False: D5W provides calories to the intravenous system

Answer 24

True. D5W or 1/4 normal saline, provides 170 cal/L from 5% dextrose

Question 25

Excellent maintenance fluid in the immediate post-operative period

Answer 25

D5W. Due to added the K.

Question 26

Usual indications for IV fluid administration

Answer 26

1. Defend normal BP
2. Return the ICF volume to normal
3. Replacing ongoing renal losses
4. Maintenance fluids to match insensible losses
5. Provide glucose as fluid substrate for brain a d prevention of proteolysis in peripheral tissues

Question 28

True or False: D5W provides free water to the intravenous system

Answer 28

True. Provides free water for insensible losses and some Na to promote renal function and excretion

Question 30

Type of IV fluid:

Plasma

Answer 30

Colloid

Question 31

Free water solution, no role in resuscitation

Answer 31

D5W (glucose: 50mg/dl)

Question 36

Type of IV fluid:

D20W, D50W

Answer 36

Free water solution

Question 37

Type of IV fluid:

Pentastarch

Answer 37

Colloid

Question 39

Fluid that prevents excess catabolism and limits proteolysis

Answer 39

D5W

Question 40

Components of hypertonic saline (3% NaCl)

Answer 40

1026 mOsm/L, 513 mEq/L Na

Question 43

Type of IV fluid: Fresh frozen plasma/FFP

Answer 43

Blood products, colloid

Question 44

True or False: Is dopamine dose-dependent?

Answer 44

True

Question 45

A synthetic sympathomimetic amine with positive inotropic action with effects due to selective stimulation of beta-1 adrenergic receptors

Answer 45

Dobutamine

Question 46

Dobutamine preparation

Answer 46

1 amp contains 250 mg dobutamine

Question 47

Dopamine factor

Answer 47

For a formulation of 1 dobutamine amp (250 mg) in 250 cc D5W, factor used is 16.6

Question 49

True or False: is dobutamine dose-dependent?

Answer 49

True

Question 50

Sample dopamine order

Answer 50

Dopamine drip: 250 mg Dobutamine (1 amp) + 250 cc D5W to run for ___ cc/hr

Question 51

The only solution that may be administered with blood products

Answer 51

Normal saline, PNSS

Question 54

Most closely resembles the electrolyte composition of normal blood serum

Answer 54

LR. Lactated Ringer's solution

Question 55

Type of IV fluid: Cryoprecipitates, platelets

Answer 55

Blood products, colloid

Question 56

Type of IV fluid: D10W

Answer 56

Free water solution

Question 57

Type of IV fluid: | Hypertonic solution 3, 5, 7.5%

Answer 57

Crystalloid

Question 58

Fluid usually given in patients with acute hyponatremia to raise plasma sodium

Answer 58

Hypertonic saline. The ICF volume in the brain rises and could become dangerously high with more prominent decline in plasma sodium, so give hypertonic solution.

Question 61

Type of IV fluid: Packed RBC

Answer 61

Blood products, colloid

Question 63

Initial post-operative maintenance

Answer 63

D5LR

Question 65

Comes from components of whole blood. Essentially are also considered colloids

Answer 65

Blood products

Question 69

Type of IV fluid: Hetastarch

Answer 69

Colloid

Question 70

Type of IV fluid: Lactated Ringer's

Answer 70

Crystalloid

Question 72

Type of IV fluid: Albumin

Answer 72

Colloid

Question 73

Type of IV fluid: Normal saline (0.9% NaCl or PNSS)

Answer 73

Crystalloid

Question 78

Type of IV fluid: D5W (5% dextrose in water)

Answer 78

Free water solution

Question 83

High molecular weight solutions which draw fluid into intravascular component via oncotic pressure

Answer 83

Colloids

Question 88

Type of IV fluid: Ringer's solution

Answer 88

Crystalloid

Question 90

Balanced salt electrolyte/salt solution which may be isotonic, hypotonic or hypertonic

Answer 90

Crystalloids