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Medical terminology > Basic Word Structure > Flashcards

Basic Word Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

aden/o

A

gland

adenoma- tumor of a gland
the suffix -oma means tumor or mass

adenitis- the suffix -itis means inflammation

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2
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

arthritis

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3
Q

bi/o

A

life

biology- the suffix -ology is composed of the root log (study) and the final suffix -y (process or condition).

biopsy- the suffix -opsy means process of viewing. Living tissue is removed from the body and viewed under a microscope

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4
Q

carcin/o

A

cancerous,cancer

carcinoma- is a cancerous tumor. Carcinoma grow from the epithelial (surface or skin) cells that cover the outside of the body and line organs, cavities, and tubes within the body

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5
Q

cardi/o

A

heart: cardiology

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6
Q

cephal/o

A

head

cephalic- the suffix -ic means pertaining to. A cephalic presentation describes a “head first” position for the delivery of an infant

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7
Q

cerebr/o

A

cerebrum (largest part of the brain)

cerebral: the suffix -al means pertaining to

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8
Q

cis/o

A

to cut

incision-the prefix in- means into, and the suffix -ion means process

excision-the prefix ex- means out

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9
Q

crin/o

A

to secerte (to form to give off)

endocrine glands- the prefix endo- means within; endocrine glands (e.g., thyroid, pituitary, and adrenal glands) secrete hormones directly within (into) the bloodstream. Other glands, called exocrine glands, release their secretions (e.g., saliva, sweat, tears) through tubes
(ducts) to the outside of the body.

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10
Q

cysto/o

A

urinary bladder; a sac or a cyst (sac containing fluid)

The suffix -scopy is a complex suffix that includes the root scope, meaning visual examination, and the final suffix -y, meaning process

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11
Q

cyt/o

A

cell- cytology

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12
Q

derm/o

A

skin

hypodermic- the prefix hypo- means under or below

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13
Q

dermat/o

A

skin- dermatitis

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14
Q

electr/o

A

electricity

electrocardiogram- the suffix means record. Abbreviated ECG (or sometime EKG)

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15
Q

encephal/o

A

brain

electroencephalogram- abbreviated EEG

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16
Q

enter/o

A

intestines (usually the small intestines)

enteritis- the small intestine is narrower but much longer than the large intestine (colon)

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17
Q

erythr/o

A

red

erythrocyte- the suffix -ctye means cell. Erythrocyte carry oxygen in the blood

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18
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

gastrectomy- the suffix-ectomy means excision or removal. All or, more commonly, part of the stomach is removed

gastrotomy- the suffix -tomy is another complex suffix, which contains the root tom, meaning to cut, and the final suffix -y, meaning process of

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19
Q

glyc/o

A

sugar

hyperglycemia- the prefix hyper- means excessive, above, or more than normal. The suffix -emia means blood condition

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20
Q

gnos/o

A

knowledge

diagnosis- the prefix dia-means complete. The suffix -sis means state or condition of. A diagnosis is made after sufficient information has been obtained about the patients condition. Literally it is a state knowledge.

prognosis- the prefix -pro means before. Literally “knowledge before,” a prognosis is a prediction about the outcome of an illness, but it is always given after the diagnosis has been determined

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21
Q

gynec/o

A

woman,female : gynecology

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22
Q

hermat/o

A

blood: hematology

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23
Q

hem/o

A

blood

hematoma: in this term, -oma means a mass or collection of blood, rather than a growth of cells (tumor). A hematoma forms when blood escapes from blood vessels and collects as a clot in a cavity or organ or under the skin
hemoglobin: the suffix -globin means protein. Hemoglobin carries oxygen in red blood cells

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24
Q

hepat/o

A

liver: hepatitis

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25
iatr/o
treatment, physician iatrogenic: the suffix -genic means pertaining to producing, produced by, or produced in. Iatrogenic conditions are adverse effects that result from treatment or intervention by a physicians.
26
leuk/o
white leukocyte: this blood cells helps the body fight disease
27
log/o
study of: dermatology
28
nephr/o
kidney: nephritis, nephrology
29
neur/o
nerve: neurology
30
onc/o
tumor: oncology oncology: the suffix -ist means one who specialize in a fields of medicine (or other profession)
31
ophthalm/o
eye: ophthalmoscope- the suffix -scope means an interment for visual examination.
32
oste/o
bone: osteitis osteoarthritis: this condition of aging is actually a degeneration of bones and joints often accompanied by inflammation
33
path/o
disease : pathology | pathologist: examines biopsy samples microscopically and examine dead bodies to determine the cause of death
34
ped/o
child pediatric: Notice that ped/o is also in the term orthopedist. Orthopedists once were doctors who straightened (ortho/o means straight) children's bones and corrected deformities. Nowadays, orthopedists specialize in disorders of bones and muscles in people of all ages
35
psych/o
mind: psychology, psychiatrist
36
radi/o
x-rays: radiology- low-energy x-rays are used for diagnostic imaging
37
ren/o
kidney: renal- ren/o and nephr/o both mean kidney. Ren/o is used with -al to describe the kidney, whereas nephr/o is used with other suffixes such as -osis, -itis and -ectomy to describe abnormal conditions and operative procedures
38
rhin/o
nose: rhinitis
39
sarc/o
flesh: sarcoma- this is a cancerous (malignant) tumor. A sarcoma grows from cells of "fleshy"connective tissue such as muscle, bone, fat, whereas a carcinoma (another type of cancerous tumor) grows from epithelial cells that line the outside of the body or the inside of organs in the body
40
sect/o
to cut: resection- the prefix means back. A resection is a cutting back in the sense of cutting out or removal (excision). A gastric resection is a gastrectomy, or excision of the stomach
41
thromb/o
clot,clotting thrombocyte: also known as platelets, these cells help clot blood. A thrombus is an actual clot that form, and thrombosis (-osis means condition) is the condition of clot formation
42
ur/o
urinary tract, urine urology: A urologist is a surgeon who operates on the organs of the urinary tract and the organs of the male reproductive system
43
-ac
pertaining to: cardiac
44
-al
pertaining to: neural
45
-algia
pain: arthralgia, neuralgia
46
-cyte
cell: erythrocyte
47
-ectomy
excision, removal : nephrectomy
48
-emia
blood condition leukemia: literally, this term means " a blood condition of white (blood cells). Actaully, it is a condition of blood in which cancerous white blood cells proliferate (increase in number)
49
-genic
pertaining to producing, produced by or produced in | carcinogenic: cigarette smoke is carcinogenic
50
-globin
protein : hemoglobin
51
-gram
record: electroencephalogram
52
-ic,-ical
pertaining to: gastric | neurologic: log/o means study of
53
-ion
process: excision
54
-ist
specialist: ophthalmologist
55
-itis
inflammation: cystitis
56
-olgy
process of studying: endocrinology
57
-oma
tumor, mass, swelling | hepatoma: is a tumor of the liver
58
-opsy
process of viewing | biopsy: specimens are obtained and viewed under a microscope
59
-osis
condition, usually abnormal (slight increase in numbers when used with blood cells) nephrosis leukocytosis: this condition, a slight increase in normal white blood cells, occurs as white blood cells multiply to fight an infection. Don't confuse leukocytosis with leukemia, which is a cancerous (malignant) condition marked by high levels of abnormal, immature white blood cells
60
-pathy
diease, condition: enteropathy
61
-scope
instrument to visually examine | endoscope: endo- means within. A cystoscope is a type of endoscope
62
-scopy
process of visually examining | endoscopy: endoscopy is performed with an endoscope
63
-sis
state of; condition: prognosis
64
-tomy
process of cutting,incision: osteotomy
65
-y
process,condition: gastroenterology
66
a-,an-
no,not,without anemia: is a decreased number of erythrocytes or an abnormality of the hemoglobin (a chemical) within the red blood cells. This results in decreased delivery of oxygen to cells of the body. Anemic patients look so pale that early physicians thought they were literally "without blood"
67
aut-,auto-
self, own autopsy: "process of viewing oneself". Hence, an autopsy is the examination of a dead body with one's own eyes to determine the cause of death and nature of disease
68
dia-
complete, through | diagnosis: the purl of diagnosis is diagnoses
69
endo-
within: endocrinologist
70
epi-
above,upon: epigastric | epidemis: this outermost layer of the skin lies above the middle layer of skin, known as the dermis
71
ex-,exo-
outside, outside of, outward: excision, exocrine glands
72
hyper-
excessive, above, more than normal | hyperthyroidism: the suffix -ism means process or condition
73
hypo-
deficient, below, under, less than normal hypogastric: when hypo- is used with a part of the body, it means below hypoglycemia: in this term hypo- means below
74
in-
into, in: incision
75
peri-
surrounding, around | pericardium: the suffix -um means a structure. The pericardium is the membrane that surrounds the heart
76
pro-
before, forward prostate gland: this endocrine gland "stands" (-state) before or in front of the urinary bladder. It produces semen, which contains fluid and sperm cells
77
re-
back, backward, again | resection: this is an operation in which tissue is "cut back" or removed.
78
retro-
behind: retrocardiac
79
sub-
below, under: subhepatic
80
trans-
across, through: transhepatic

Medical terminology (8 decks)

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