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Medical terminology > Terms Pertaining to the body as a whole > Flashcards

Terms Pertaining to the body as a whole Flashcards

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1
Q

anabolism

A

process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids. Ana- means up, bol means to cast, and -ism is a process

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2
Q

catabolism

A

process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substances and energy is released. Cata- means down, bol means to cast, and -ism is a process

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3
Q

cell membrane

A

structure surrounding and protecting the cell. It determines what enters and leaves the cell

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4
Q

chromosome

A

rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes. There are 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in every cell except for the egg and sperm cells, which contain only 23 individual, unpaired chromosomes

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5
Q

cytoplasm

A

all the materials that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane.

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6
Q

DNA

A

chemical found within each chromosome. Arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, it directs the activities of the cell

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7
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell. Large proteins are made from smaller protein peices

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8
Q

genes

A

regions of DNA within each chromosomes

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9
Q

karyotype

A

picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell. The chromosomes are arranged in the numerical order to determine their number and structure

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10
Q

metabolism

A

total of the chemical processes in a cell. It includes catabolism and anabolism. Meta- means change, bol means to cast, and -ism means a process

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11
Q

mitochondria

A

structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principle source of energy (miniature “power plants”) for the cell. Catabolism is the process that occurs in mitochondria

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12
Q

nucleus

A

control center of the cell. It contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell

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13
Q

adipose tissue

A

collection of fat cells

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14
Q

cartilage

A

flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints. For ex: it surrounds the trachea and forms part of the external ear and nose

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15
Q

epithelial cells

A

skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs

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16
Q

histologist

A

specialist in the study of cells

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17
Q

larynx

A

“voice box”, located at the upper part of the trachea

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18
Q

pharynx

A

throat. The pharynx serves as the common passageway for food (from the mouth going to the esophagus) and air (from the nose to the trachea)

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19
Q

pituitary gland

A

endocrine gland at the base of the brain

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20
Q

thyroid gland

A

endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck

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21
Q

trachea

A

“wind pipe” (tube leading from the throat to the bronchial tubes)

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22
Q

ureter

A

one of the two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder.

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23
Q

urethra

A

tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

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24
Q

uterus

A

the womb. The organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops

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25
viscera
internal organs
26
abdominal cavity
space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and the intestines; also called the abdomen
27
cranial cavity
space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull. Cranial means pertaining to the skull
28
diaphragm
muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities. The diaphragm moves up and down and aids in breathing
29
dorsal (posterior)
back
30
mediastinum
centrally located space outside of and between the lungs
31
pelvic cavity
space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder and reproductive organs.Pelvic means pertaining to the pelvis, composed of the hip bones surrounding the pelvic cavity
32
peritoneum
double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity
33
pleura
double-folded membrane surrounding each lung
34
pleura cavity
space between the pleural layers
35
spinal cavity
space within the spinal column (backbones) containing the spinal cord. Also called the spinal cord
36
thoracic cavity
space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs
37
ventral (anterior)
front
38
hypochondriac
right and left upper regions beneath the ribs
39
epigastric
middle upper region above the stomach
40
lumbar
right and left middle regions near the waist
41
umbilical
central region near the navel
42
inguinal
right and left lower regions near the groin. Also called the iliac regions
43
hypogastric
middle lower region below the umbilical region
44
RUQ
right upper quadrant
45
LUQ
left upper quadrant
46
RLQ
right lower quadrant
47
LLQ
left lower quadrant
48
cervical
neck region (C1 TO C7)
49
thoracic
chest region (T1 TO T12)
50
lumbar
loin (waist) region (L1 TO L5)
51
sacral
region of the sacrum (S1 TO S5)
52
coccygeal
region of the coccyx (tailbone)
53
vertebra
single backbone
54
vertebrae
backbones
55
spinal column
bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity
56
spinal cord
nervous tissue within the spinal cavity
57
disk (disc)
pad of cartilage between vertebrae
58
anterior (ventral)
front surface of the body
59
deep
away from the surface
60
distal
far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure
61
frontal (coronal) plane
vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions
62
inferior (caudal)
below another structure; pertaining to the tail or lower portion of the body
63
lateral
pertaining to the side
64
medial
pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body
65
posterior (dorsal)
back surface of the body
66
prone
lying on the belly (facedown, palms down)
67
proximal
near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure
68
sagittal (lateral) plane
lengthwise, vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides. From the Latin sagitta, meaning arrow. As an arrow is shot from a bow it enters the body in the sagittal plane, dividing right from left. The midsagittal plane divides the body into right and left halves
69
superficial
on the surface
70
superior (cephalic)
above another structure; pertaining to the head
71
supine
lying on the back (face up, palms down)
72
transverse (axial) plane
horizontal (cross-sectional) plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions
73
abdomin/o
abdomen abdominal- the abdomen is the region below the chest containing internal organs (such as the liver, intestines, stomach, and gallbladder)
74
adi/o
fat | adipose: the suffix -ose means pertaining to or full of
75
anter/o
front | anterior: the suffix -ior means pertaining to
76
bol/o
``` to cast (throw) anabolism: the prefix ana- means up. The suffix -ism means process. In this cellular process, proteins are built up (protein synthesis) ```
77
cervic/o
neck ( of the body or the uterus) cervical: the cervix is the neck of the uterus. The term cervical can mean pertaining to the neck of the body or to the neck (lower part) of the uterus
78
chondr/o
cartilage (type of connective tissue) chondroma: benign tumor chondrosarcoma: malignant tumor. The root sarc indicates that the malignant tumor arises from a type of flesh or connective tissue
79
chrom/o
color chromosomes: these nuclear structures absorb the color of dyes used to stain the cell. The suffix -somes means bodies. Literally, this term means "bodies of color", because this is how they appeared to researchers who first saw them under the microscope
80
coccyg/o
coccyx (tailbone): coccygeal
81
crani/o
skull: craniotomy
82
cyt/o
cell | cytoplasm: the suffix -plasm means formation
83
dist/o
far, distant: distal
84
dors/o
back portion of the body: dorsal
85
hist/o
tissue: histology
86
ili/o
ilium (part of the pelvic bone): iliac
87
inguin/o
groin: inguinal
88
kary/o
nucleus | karyotype: the suffix -type means classification or picture
89
later/o
side: later
90
lumb/o
lower back (side and back between the ribs and the pelvis): lumbosacral
91
medi/o
middle: medial
92
nucle/o
nucleus : nucleic
93
pelv/i
pelvis hip region | pelvic:the pelvis includes all the bones that surround the pelvic cavity
94
poster/o
back, behind: posterior
95
proxim/o
nearest : proximal
96
sacr/o
sacrum: sacral
97
sarc/o
flesh: sarcoma
98
spin/o
spine, backbone: spinal
99
thel/o, theli/o
nipple epithelial cell: this cell, originally identified in the skin of the nipples, lies on body surfaces, externally (outside the body) and internally (lining cavities and organs)
100
thorac/o
chest: thoracic, thoracotomy
101
trache/o
trachea, windpipe: tracheal
102
umbilic/o
navel, umbilicus: umbilical
103
ventr/o
belly side of the body: ventral
104
vertebr/o
vertebra (e), backbone (s): vertebral
105
viscer/o
internal organs: visceral
106
ana-
up: anabolic
107
cata-
down | catabolism: complex nutrients are broken down into simpler substances and energy is released
108
epi-
above: epigastric
109
hypo-
below hypochondriac region: the greeks thought that organs (liver and spleen) in the hypochondriac region of the abdomen were the origin of imaginary illnesses --hence the term hypochondriac, a person with unusual anxiety about his or her health and with symptoms not attribute to any disease process
110
inter-
between | intervertebral: a disk (disc) is an intervertebral structure
111
meta-
change | metabolism: literally, to cast (bol/o) a change (meta-), meaning the chemical changes (processes) that occur in a cel
112
-eal
pertaining to
113
-iac
pertaining to
114
-ior
pertaining to
115
-ism
process, condition
116
-ose
pertaining to, full of
117
-plasm
formation
118
-somes
bodies
119
-type
picture, classification

Medical terminology (8 decks)

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