Basics

Question 1

traits of a microorganism that allow pathogens to cause disease

Answer 1

virulence factors

Question 2

pathogens that cause disease only when body’s defenses are compromised or when introduced into an unusual location.

Answer 2

opprotunistic

Question 3

relationship in which bacteria and host organisms both benefit

Answer 3

mutualism

Question 4

relationship in which bacteria and host organisms do not benefit or harm each other

Answer 4

commensalism

Question 5

relationship in which bacteria cause damage to host

Answer 5

parasitism

Question 6

main type of asexual reproduction with prokaryotes

Answer 6

binary fission

Question 7

bacteria shape spheres

Answer 7

coccus

Question 8

bacteria shape rod

Answer 8

bacillus

Question 9

bacteria shape curved shape

Answer 9

vibrio

Question 10

bacteria shape spiral

Answer 10

spirilla

Question 11

thick layer of peptidoglycan, teichoic acid, simgle cytoplasmic membrance

Answer 11

gram-positive

Question 12

thin layer of peptiodoglycan, outer membrance with lipopolysaccharide, lipoprotein and porin

Answer 12

gram-negative

Question 13

LPS is composed of

Answer 13

lipid A (endotoxin) and O antigen variable region

Question 14

gram + staining

Answer 14

stays purple, no decolorization

Question 15

gram - staining

Answer 15

red, decolorization

Question 16

stain used for mycobaterium (TB) because they have a high concentration of myolic acid

Answer 16

acid fast stain

Question 17

surround micro-organism and appear moist and glistening

Answer 17

slime layer and capsule

Question 18

clumping factor which protects bacteria from host defenses

Answer 18

coagulase - fibringen to fibrin

Question 19

tests of metabolism in bacteria identification

Answer 19

catalase, oxidase test, lactose fermentation

Question 20

change in pH during fermentation

Answer 20

drop in pH, more acidic

Question 21

bacteria that can grow with or without oxygen

Answer 21

facultative

Question 22

2 major enzymes of aerobic metabolism

Answer 22

superoxide dimutase and catalase

Question 23

specific antibodies used to recognize unique proteins or polysaccharides(serotypes)

Answer 23

serologic testing

Question 24

location of normal flora

Answer 24

skin, eye, mouth, GI tract, Urogenital tract

Question 25

bacteria or virus capable of causing disease

Answer 25

pathogen

Question 26

quatitative measure of pathogenicites measured by the number of organisms required to cause disease

Answer 26

virulence

Question 27

properties of bacteria which assist in causing disease

Answer 27

virulence factor

Question 28

main cause of fever

Answer 28

inflammation

Question 29

Group of virulence factors found in Gram - bacteria

Answer 29

Pathogenicity Islands (PAIs)

Question 30

polypeptides (proteins) secreted by bacteria

Answer 30

exotoxins

Question 31

Lipopolysaccharides virulence factor

Answer 31

endotoxin

Question 32

phagocytize and digest bacteria

Answer 32

macrophages

Question 33

assist in lysis of baceria and virus infectd cells

Answer 33

complement

Question 34

vaccine to stimulate immunity

Answer 34

active immunity

Question 35

preformed antigen-specific antibodies administered

Answer 35

passive immunity

Question 36

antibodies and cytotoxic T-cells

Answer 36

Acquired immunity

Question 37

macrophages and complement host defense

Answer 37

innate immunity

Question 38

Anti-phagocytic properties of bacteria

Answer 38

capsule, surface polysaccharides, anti-phagocytic products

Question 39

virus in blood

Answer 39

viremia

Question 40

major responsibility to fight virus

Answer 40

lymphocytes

Question 41

major responsibility to fight bacteria

Answer 41

leukocytes