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Clinical Chemistry (Legend) > Basics > Flashcards

Basics Flashcards

1
Q

Most common site

A

Antecubital fossa

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2
Q

H pattern

A

Veins for venipuncture

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3
Q

Located near the center of the antecubital fossa

A

Median cubital vein

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4
Q

Preffered vein

A

Median cubital

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5
Q

Fairly well anchored

A

Cephalic vein

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6
Q

Often harder to palpate

A

Cephalic vein

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7
Q

Not well anchored

A

Basilic vein

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8
Q

Rolls easily

A

Basilic vein

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9
Q

Increased eisk of puncturing a median cutaneous nerve branch or the brachial artery

A

Basilic vein

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10
Q

Veins that Can be used for venipuncture

A
  • back of the hand
  • wrist
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11
Q

Vein that should never be used

A
  • underside of the wrist
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12
Q

Veins that can be used but not without the permission of the patient’s physician

A

Foot
Ankle
Leg

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13
Q

Turbidity of serum

A

Clear

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14
Q

Turbidity of plasma

A

Clear to slightly hazy

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15
Q

Turbidity of nonfasting serum with lipids

A

Cloudy

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16
Q

Centrifugation of serum

A

10 minutes RCF at 1000-2000g

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17
Q

It contains fibrinogen

A

Plasma

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18
Q

Stat and TAT are often collected in tubes containing _____ because they can be centrifuged immediately to obtain plasma

A

Heparin

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19
Q

Contains both cells and plasma

A

Whole blood

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20
Q

Must be collected in an anticoagulant tube to keep it from clotting

A

Whole blood

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21
Q

Used for most POCT and hema especially in acute care and stat

A

Wholr blood

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22
Q

Methods of veni

A

ETS
Needle and syringe
Butterfly set

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23
Q

Why ETS is preferred

A

Minimize the risk of spx contamination and exposurr of blood

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24
Q

Used on small, fragile, damaged veins

A

Needle and syringe

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25
Q

Discourahrd by CLSI due to safety and spx QUALITY issues

A

Needle and syringe

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26
Q

Can be used with the ETS or a syringe

A

Butterfly set

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27
Q

For infants and children method

A

Butterfly set

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28
Q

Hand veins method

A

Butterfly set

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29
Q

Method used for difficult-draw situations

A

Butterfly set

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30
Q

Pathway activated by glass stopper

A

Intrinsic

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31
Q

Activates extrinsic pathway

A

Factor 3

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32
Q

Restrict venous flow but not arterial flow

A

Tourniquet

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33
Q

Tourniquet must not be left longer than

A

1 minute

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34
Q

Size of tourniquet

A

1 inch wide x 15 inches long

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35
Q

Gauge and bore are ____ related

A

Inversely

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36
Q

Preferred needle length

A

1 inch

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37
Q

Considered standard for routine venipuncture

A

21 gauge

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38
Q

Components of ETS

A

Multisample needle
Evacuated tubes
Tube holder

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39
Q

Includes a plastic syringe, a needle, and a transfer device

A

Syringe system

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40
Q

Gauge for pedia

A

23

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41
Q

Accuvein is a Handheld device that emits ______ and is held about ___ inches over the potential phlebotomy site

A

Infrared light
7

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42
Q

For serum/chemistry and serology stopper

A

Red (glass)
Red (hemogard)

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43
Q

For whole blood/hematology stopper

A

Lavender glass
Lavender plastic

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44
Q

For molecular diagnostics

A

Pink
White

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45
Q

For whole blood and bb

A

Pink

46
Q

Whole blood

A

Both Lavender
Pink

47
Q

Plasma

A

All except Red, Lavender, Pink, Thrombin, Clot activator separation gel, SSP

48
Q

Plasma/coagulation

A

LIGHT BLUE:
- Na citrate
- Thrombin and soybean trypsin

49
Q

Lead testing

A

TAN
- Sodium heparin
- K2EDTA

50
Q

Paternity testing

A

ACD

51
Q

HLA phenotyping

A

ACD

52
Q

Plasma/chemistry

A

Lithium heparin and gel
Sodium heparin
Lithium heparin

53
Q

Toxicology

A

Royal blue

54
Q

Glucose testing

A

Sodium fluoride
Potassium oxalate

55
Q

Serum/chemistry

A

Thrombin
Clot activator separation gel

56
Q

Anticoagulant of gray

A

Potassium oxalate

57
Q

Antiglycolytic agent of Gray

A

Sodium fluoride

58
Q

Preferred for PBS

A

K3EDTA in liquid form

59
Q

Preferred for hema

A

K2EDTA/spray-dried

60
Q

Wbc preservation

A

ACD

61
Q

Fibrin degradation products

A

Thrombin and soybean trypsin

62
Q

Universal anticoagulant

A

Heparin

63
Q

Alternative antiglycolytic

A

Iodoacetate

64
Q

Ratio of sodium citrate to blood in black top

A

4:1

65
Q

Sodium fluoride binds to ____ thus inhbiting the __-dependent enzyme, ____

A

Mg
Enolase

66
Q

Silica clot activator

A

Clot activator or with separation gel

67
Q

Activates coagulation

A

Red (glass)

68
Q

Does red glass has an anticoagulant?

A

None

69
Q

Spray-dried K2EDTA

A

Lavender (plastic)
Pink

70
Q

Anticoagulant of white

A

EDTA and gel

71
Q

Order of draw

A

Sterile
Coag
Serum tube with/without clot activator
Heparin
EDTA
Glycolytic inhibitor

72
Q

Length of lancet

A

Less than 2 mm

73
Q

Heparinized syringe

A

For Arterial puncture

74
Q

Method used for arterial puncture

A

Syringes instead of ETS (cuz of the pressure)

75
Q

Can be collected without a tourniquet

A

Arterial

76
Q

Primary arterial sites

A

Radial
Branchial
Femoral

77
Q

Major complications of arterial puncture

A

Thrombosis
Hemorrhage
Possible Infection

78
Q

Done before the collecting of arterial blood from radial artery

A

Modified Allen Test

79
Q

Used to determine the collateral circulation of ulnar artery to the hand after the radial artery puncture

A

Modified Allen Test

80
Q

Analytes increased in Stress

A

Pag Stress ang ulo, it needs CAP-C
Cortisol
ACTH
Prolactin
Catecholamines

81
Q

First to increase in adrenaline rush

A

Catecholamines

82
Q

Analytes increased with exercise

A

Lactic acid, LD
AST
Creatine
Thyroxine
CK

83
Q

Analytes decreased in exercise

A

Cholesterol
TAG

84
Q

Increased when standing

A

Cholesterol
Albumin
Calcium
Aldosterone

85
Q

Increased in ambulatory px

A

CK

86
Q

Analytes increased after recent food ingestion

A

TAG
iCa
Glucose
Insulin
Gastrin

87
Q

Analytes decreased after recent food ingestion

A

Phosphorus
Amylase
Potassium
ALP
Chloride

88
Q

It does not require fasting

A

Total Cholesterol
HDL

89
Q

Analytes affected with age

A

Cholesterol
Albumin
Phosphorus
ALP (increased in older)

90
Q

Analytes increased in females

A

Gamma-globulins
Alpha-lipoproteins
Fe
Cholesterol

91
Q

Lower at night

A

(si PIAA mababa sa gabi)
Plasma Renin
Insulin
ACTH
Aldosterone

92
Q

Higher in afternoon and evening

A

GH
ACP

93
Q

Cortisol is lowest at

A

8Pm to 12am

94
Q

Cortisol is _____ at 8PM than 8am

A

50% lower

95
Q

Prolactin is higher at

A

4 and 8am
8 and 10pm

96
Q

Iron peaks

A

Early to late morning

97
Q

Iron _____ during the day

A

Decreases 30%

98
Q

Array of signs and symptoms resulting from high cortisol

A

Cushing syndrome

99
Q

Black people has

A

High TP, low Albumin

100
Q

Black males has

A

High CK/LD, IgG 40% high

101
Q

White male has

A

20% high IgA

102
Q

White & >40 yrs old:

A

High cholesterol and TAG

103
Q

Cushing disease increased in

A

ACTH resulting to high cortisol

104
Q

Difference of Cushing syndrome from Cushing disease

A

Signs and symptoms from high cortisol - Cushing syndrome.
Cushing disease, ACTH involvement

105
Q

Spx Require Ice (immediate cooling)

A

Lactic Acid, Ammonia, Blood gas

106
Q

What happens if bloof gas is not cooled

A

Low pH and pO2

107
Q

Causes marked hemolysis

A

CK

108
Q

What happens in marked Hemolysis

A

Low sodium in ECF becomes diluted

109
Q

Hemolysis

A

Potassium
pO4
Fe
Mg
ALT
AST
LD
ALP
catecholamines
CK

110
Q

Stat is a medical meaning “immediately” from the Latin

A

statim

Clinical Chemistry (Legend) (3 decks)

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