Basics

Question 1

Normal respiratory rate for dogs

Answer 1

10-40/min (consider size)

Question 2

Normal respiratory rate for cats

Answer 2

20-40/min

Question 3

Stridor

Answer 3

Rigid tissue vibrations (larynx, trachea), during inspiration

Question 4

Stertor

Answer 4

Soft tissue vibrations (soft palate), during inspiration, “snoring”

Question 5

Increased inspiratory breathing effort (+/- respiratory noise) would indicate

Answer 5

Upper airway disease/obstruction

Question 6

Increased expiratory breathing effort would indicate

Answer 6

Lower airway disease/obstruction

Question 7

What is restrictive breathing pattern?

Answer 7

Mixed respiratory pattern –> primary lung disease (parenchymal disease)

Question 8

What is asynchronous or paradoxical breathing pattern?

Answer 8

Abdomen moves inward during inspiration –> pleural disease

Question 9

Prolonged capillary refill time could indicate

Answer 9

dehydration, hypovolemia, shock

Question 10

Decreased capillary refill time could indicate

Answer 10

early shock, fever, hyperthermia

Question 11

Normal capillary refill time is

Answer 11

1-2s

Question 12

Pale or white mucous membranes could indicate

Answer 12

Anemia
Poor perfusion
Vasoconstriction

Question 13

Cyanotic/blue/purple mucous membranes could indicate

Answer 13

Inadequate oxygenation, hypoxia

Question 14

Brick red mucous membranes could indicate

Answer 14

Increased perfusion
Vasodilation

due to

Sepsis, early shock, SIRS, fever

Question 15

Icteric mucous membranes could indicate

Answer 15

Bilirubin accumulation

due to

Hepatic or biliary disease, hemolysis

Question 16

Brown mucous membranes could indicate

Answer 16

Methemoglobulinemia
due to
intravascular hemolysis

Question 17

Petechiae on mucous membranes could indicate

Answer 17

Coagulation disorder

due to

Platelet disorder, DIC, coagulation factor deficits

Question 18

What percentage of dehydration can lead to hypovolemic shock and death?

Answer 18

12%-15%

Question 19

What could it mean if the jugular vein is overfilled and pulsating during palpation?

Answer 19

Right-sided heart failure

Question 20

What are the palpable lymph nodes in dogs and cats?

Answer 20

Submandibular
Prescapular
Popliteal
Axillary
Inguinal

Question 21

Normal heart rate for dogs

Answer 21

60-140/min (consider size)

Question 22

Normal heart rate for cats

Answer 22

No one knows… but
140-200/min

Question 23

What is sinus arrhytmia?

Answer 23

HR faster during inspiration and slower during expiration. Normal in dogs, not normal in cats.

Question 24

Decreased lung sounds dorsally could mean

Answer 24

Pneumothorax (air goes up)

Question 25

Decreased lung sounds ventrally could mean

Answer 25

Pleural effusions (fluid goes down)

Question 26

Normal temperature for dogs and cats

Answer 26

Dogs 37,5-39,1 Cats 37,8-39,1