Basics

Question 1

Cranial nerves are part of the……nervous system

Answer 1

Peripheral

Question 2

How many spinal nerve pairs are there?

Answer 2

31

Question 3

The Spinal cord is part of the ….. nervous system

Answer 3

central

Question 4

There are…..cranial nerve pairs

Answer 4

12

Question 5

Spinal nerves are part of the ….nervous system

Answer 5

Peripheral

Question 6

Control of skeletal muscles is by

Answer 6

Somatomotor neurones

Question 7

Efferent neurones leave the spinal cord through the

Answer 7

Ventral root

Question 8

Afferent neurones are

Answer 8

sensory

Question 9

Name 2 types of sensory neurone

Answer 9

Somatosensory(from the body wall and skin).

viscerosensory (from internal organs)

Question 10

How many lumbar nerves are there?

Answer 10

5

Question 11

Visceromotor neurones are also known as

Answer 11

autonomic nervous system

Question 12

There are …thoracic nerves

Answer 12

12

Question 13

Early embryology shows 3 structures -Name

Answer 13

prosencephalon
mesencephalon
rhombencephalon

Question 14

Efferent neurones are

Answer 14

Motor

Question 15

There are 8…Nerves

Answer 15

Cervical

Question 16

The nervous system develops from which embryonic layer

Answer 16

Ectoderm

Question 17

Thalamus and hypothalamus make up the

Answer 17

diencephalon

Question 18

TRUE OR FALSE

There are 5 sacral nerves

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Name the clinical condition that occurs if the anterior neuropore doesn’t close by day 25

Answer 19

anencephaly

Question 20

Name the 3 membranes of the brain (meninges)

Answer 20

Dura Mater
Arachnoid Mater
Pia Mater

Question 21

Hydrocephalus can be treated with

Answer 21

• Shunt

- Removal of the obstruction (e.g. tumour)

Question 22

The number of processes (out-growths) coming from the cell body of a neurone is known as

Answer 22

Polarity

Question 23

Name the 2 cavities that are formed by the dura projecting into the cranial cavity

Answer 23

1. Falx cerebri

2. tentorium cerebelli

Question 24

The pons and cerebellum make up the….

Answer 24

metencephanlon

Question 25

The midbrain comprises of the

Answer 25

Tectum (post) and tegmentum (anterior)

Question 26

Name the superficial layer of the Dura Mater | ii. Is it continuous with the dura of the spinal cord

Answer 26

Endosteal layer | ii. NO

Question 27

Which ventricles lack the blood brain barrier

Answer 27

``` around 3rd and 4th -pineal gland subfornical gland posterior pituitary median eminance ```

Question 28

Name the glia involved in BBB

Answer 28

Astrocyte

Question 29

Schwaan cells mylinate

Answer 29

neurones in the PNS

Question 30

Name the deep layer of the Dura Mater | ii. Is it continuous with the dura of the spinal cord

Answer 30

Meningeal layer | ii. Yes

Question 31

Brain development begins from

Answer 31

Week 3-4

Question 32

What is found in the subarachnoid space

Answer 32

blood vessels | Circulating CSF

Question 33

What is the other name for the circle of willis

Answer 33

circulus arteriosus

Question 34

Where is the lateral horn found | AND what does it contain

Answer 34

In the thoracic and upper lumbar regions of the spinal cord 2) contains sympathetic preganglionic neurones

Question 35

In an adult, at which position does the spinal cord end

Answer 35

Between L1 and L2

Question 36

The brainstem consists of the

Answer 36

Midbrain Pons Medulla

Question 37

Which structure connects the lateral ventricle with the 3rd venricle

Answer 37

interventricular foramen

Question 38

The corpus striatum is made up of

Answer 38

Putamen Caudate nucleus Globus pallidus

Question 39

What is the function of the tentorial notch

Answer 39

Allows the midbrain to pass through- | if space occupying lesions are present, the brain may be pressed against, or herniate through, the tentorial notch.

Question 40

Damage to meningeal arteries or veins causes?

Answer 40

extradural haemorrhage

Question 41

Which structure is more medial the | gracile nucleus or the cuneate nucleus

Answer 41

gracile nucleus

Question 42

Which equation gives us the resting membrane potential?

Answer 42

Goldman Equation- it takes into account these factors concentration gradient voltage gradient membrane permeability

Question 43

Where are Ependymal cells found and what do they do?

Answer 43

line the ventricles | specialised ECs secrete CSF from the choroid plexus

Question 44

On a neurone, the na channels responsible for action potentials are found where?

Answer 44

Node of Ranvier

Question 45

True or false | Scwann cells mylinate more than one axon.

Answer 45

False Only oligodendrocyte can myelinate more than 1 axons (usually 10 - 15)

Question 46

Charcot-Marie Tooth disease

Answer 46

Peripheral neuropathy caused by connexin-32 mutation. Impacts gap junctions between Schwann cells

Question 47

What is average intercranial pressure in adults

Answer 47

20 mm Hg

Question 48

What is the equation for Cerebral Perfusion Pressure

Answer 48

CPP = mean BP - ICP