basics 3

Question 1

2 main forms of catacholamines

Answer 1

Epi
NE

Question 2

functions of catacholamines during exercise

Answer 2

increased glycogenolysis (early response)
increased gluconeogenisis

Question 3

what is gluconeogenisis

Answer 3

production of glycogen from non-glucose sources such as amino acids, lactate,

Question 4

what is lypolysis

Answer 4

break down of triglyserols to fatty acids and glycerol

Question 5

3 fates of fatty acids

Answer 5

• oxidized within adipose tissue
• released in circulation
• re esterfied within adipose tissue

Question 6

explain glycogenolysis

Answer 6

activates glycogen phosphorylase to breakdown glucose. that is only available to the muscle not released

Question 7

glucagon

Answer 7

secreatred from the pancrease - counter horemone to insulin
increases during intense exercise
stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenisis - responsible for 60% of glucose production during exercise

Question 8

insulin

Answer 8

secreation decreases early during exercise - reduced by epi
decreases more rapidly in trained individuals

Question 9

what does insulin inhibit

Answer 9

• hepatic glucose production
• lypolysis

therefore we need to remove insulin to remove the inhibition

Question 10

delivery of substrate equation

Answer 10

delivery of substrate = cencentration x blood flow

Question 11

what do catacholamines do to increase substrate delivery

Answer 11

• increase heart rate
• increase stroke volume
• at higher levels cause vasoconstriction in not working muscles and non muscles ( skin)

play an important role in teh diversion of cardiac output to where it is needed

Question 12

insulin and subsrate uptake

Answer 12

stimulates GLUT4 and FA transporters movement to the plasma membrane
increase glucose and FA uptake into teh muscle

activates puruvate dehydrogenase to increase glucose oxidation
acts as a vasodilator to increase blood supply

Question 13

insulin does do good things so wouldnt it be bad to decrease insulin during exercise?

Answer 13

most of insulins benifial effects occur at the muscle where local factors are likely more important in the regulation of metabolism and opening of capillary beds

Question 14

key point of insulin

Answer 14

increased blood flow to the conracting muscle increases insulin delivery to teh muscle and thus compinsates for the decreases plasma insulin concentrations

Question 15

what are forms are exerkines

Answer 15

myokines (from muscle)
hepatokines (from liver)
adipokines (from adipose tissue)