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basics Flashcards

1
Q

wandering pacemakers do what tho the PR interval

A

cause it to vary

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2
Q

sinus dysrhythmia and second degree heart block are_____ irregular

A

patterned

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3
Q

P wave duration longer than 10 seconds suggests ___ and is called ____

A

LAE and is called P mitrale

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4
Q

what is the QT interval good for measuring

A

ventricular depolarization and repolarization

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5
Q

which are the unipolar leads

A

aVR, aVL, aVF, and V1- V6

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6
Q

R wave represents

A

impulse going through bundle branches and into the purkinje fibers

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7
Q

what does V2 view

A

RV

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8
Q

in the QRS complex, which waves can there be more of

A

R and S (R’ or r’ or S’ or s’)

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9
Q

what does a normal PR interval length

A

0.12 to 0.2 seconds (3-5 small boxes)

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10
Q

paroxysmal tachycardia is …

A

a normal HR that suddenly accelerates to a rapid rate produces an irregularity

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11
Q

what is the j point

A

where the QRS complex meets the ST segment (the exact point where it hits the isoelectric line)

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12
Q

what is aberrant conduction

A

when the next impulse reaches the bundle branch while it is still in the refractory period

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13
Q

lead 1, aVL, and V5-V6 abnormalities suggests

A

ischemia/ infarct to the lateral region of the heart

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14
Q

what can cause a shorter PR interval (less than 0.12 seconds)

A

when a supraventricular impulse travels through weird accessory pathways to get to the ventricles, leading to premature ventricular depolarization (pre-excitation)

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15
Q

what does the aVF view

A

inferior wall of LV

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16
Q

what can cause low voltage QRS complexes

A

obesity, pericardial effusion, hypothyroidism

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17
Q

V1-V4 abnormalities suggests

A

ischemia/ infarct to the anterior region of the heart

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18
Q

what causes widened bizarre QRS complexes

A

intraventricular conduction defect; often a bundle branch block

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19
Q

atrial flutter, a-fib, 3rd degree AV heart block, and ventricular dysrhythmias do what to the PR interval

A

make it absent

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20
Q

the bigger the dipole ….

A

the bigger the deflection in the direction of the electrode

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21
Q

what does V4 view

A

septum

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22
Q

which leads are enhanced by the EKG machine

A

augmented leads (because they’re usually so small)

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23
Q

what does more P waves than QRS complexes indicate

A

the impulse was initiated supraventricularly but was blocked and could not reach the ventricles

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24
Q

widespread abnormalities across the EKG suggests

A

a drug or electrolyte effect

25
what does the V1 view
RV
26
normal duration of the QT interval
0.36 to 0.44 seconds (9 to 11 small boxes
27
the P wave represents
atrial depolarization
28
S wave represents
impulse moving back up the heart wall, away from the apex; heads back towards lead 2
29
which wave should you always have
T
30
leads 1, aVL, V5, and V6 are associated with what aspect of the heart and what artery
lateral aspect (LV) and left circumflex artery
31
what does V3 view
septum
32
why is repolarization positive
(like a double negative) it is moving back towards the origin of lead 2 (so would normally be negative), but it is in the direction of a negative (not positive) charge
33
a 2nd degree AV heart block does what to the PR interval
cause it to vary (gets progressively longer until 1 complex is dropped, then starts again)
34
\_\_\_ waves are produced when the atria rapidly fires at a rate of 250-350 bpm
flutter (F)
35
Q wave represents
impulse slowly going outward through myocytes intraventricular septum
36
the QRS complex represents
ventricular depolarization
37
what can cause tall QRS complexes
hypertrophy of 1 or both ventricles, an abnormal pacemaker, an aberrantly conducted beat
38
what is the normal duration of the QRS
0.06 to 0.12 seconds (1.5 to 3 small boxes)
39
on ECG paper, 1 small box vertically =
1 mm or 0.5mV
40
if the pt has atrial tachycardia and the T waves are peaked, notched, and large, what should you think
that the P wave is hidden in the T wave
41
what does a normal P wave look like
0.06 to 0.1 seconds (1.5 to 2.5 small boxes), 0.5 to 2.5 mm (1 to 5 small boxes), upright and round
42
a wandering atrial pacemaker is ____ irregular
slightly
43
what what does the PR segment correlate with
impulse traveling through the AV node
44
leads 2, 3, and aVF abnormalities suggests
ischemia/ infarct to the inferior region of the heart
45
on ECG paper, 1 small box horizontally =
0.04 seconds
46
a 1st degree AV heart block does what to the PR interval
lengthens it
47
what does the aVR view
base of the heart (atria and great vessels)
48
a-fib is ____ irregular
totally irregular aka irregularly irregular
49
leads V1- V4 are associated with what aspect of the heart and what artery
anterior aspect and the left anterior descending artery (widow maker!)
50
P wave amplitude greater than 2.5 mm suggests ___ and is called \_\_\_
RAE and is called P pulmonale
51
a positive deflection indicates the impulse is moving ____ the lead vector, while a negative deflection indicates the impulse is moving ____ the lead vector
a positive deflection indicates the impulse is moving TOWARDS the lead vector, while a negative deflection indicates the impulse is moving AWAY the lead vector
52
the T wave represents
ventricular repolarization
53
PACs, wandering atrial pacemaker, and atrial tachycardia all have P wave impulses \_\_\_
that arise from the atria but NOT the SA node
54
atrial repolarization is where?
hidden in the QRS wave
55
\_\_\_ waves are produced when the atria rapidly fires (from many sites) at a rate of MORE than 350 bpm
fibrillatory (f)
56
leads 2, 3, and aVF are associated with what aspect of the heart and what artery
inferior aspect (RV) and right coronary artery
57
which are the bipolar leads
limb leads 1, 2, 3
58
as the HR slows, QT interval \_\_\_
increases
59
what does the aVL view
lateral wall of LV

EKG (8 decks)

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