Basics For Exam Flashcards
1
Q
An important import for the desert of SSA
A
Salt
2
Q
An important export for many of the civilizations in SSA
A
Gold
3
Q
What art method was used in SSA
A
Wax method
4
Q
Type of religion in traditional SSA religion and what it means
A
Henotheism
Means that there is one main creator God and other smaller gods
5
Q
What “innovation” changed the desert in SSA, and in what way
A
Camels, they helped with transportation
6
Q
How is history passed down in SSA
A
Orally
Through griots
7
Q
What migration in SSA connected the different civilizations
A
The Bantu Migrations
8
Q
In the savanna of SSA what was wealth based on
A
Ownership of cattle
9
Q
What metal was incredibly important in SSA and shows their sophistication
A
Iron
10
Q
What does synthesis mean in Ancient India
A
Mixing of culture of Aryans and Dravidians
11
Q
What was the social structure of Ancient India
A
The Caste System
12
Q
A staple crop in savanna of SSA
A
African rice and millet
13
Q
A concept shared by many Indian religions
A
Reincarnation
14
Q
The ultimate goal of Hinduism is to be…
A
At one with the universe/Brahman
15
Q
What is India geographically
A
A subcontinent
16
Q
A key part of Indian weather patterns is the…
A
Monsoon
17
Q
A key export of India
A
Cotton and spices
18
Q
Staple crops of India
A
Wheat and barley
19
Q
When was India not unified at all
A
When there were local rulers, which were called rajas
20
Q
What does Buddha mean
A
The enlightened one
21
Q
What is the Gupta Dynasty (quote)
A
“The last great Hindu empire”
22
Q
What animal is sacred in Hinduism
A
Cows
23
Q
Two groups at the bottom of the Chinese Social Pyramid
A
Merchants and warriors
24
Q
What concepts of Confucianism focus on family
A
The Five Relationships
Filial Piety
25
What did China call themselves
The Middle Kingdom
26
What were women referred to in Ancient China
The second sex
27
What Chinese export was super important
Silk
28
An important staple crop in Ancient China
Rice (and it was double harvested), and there is also wheat
29
An important invention in Ancient China
Paper and printing presses
30
A system created in Ancient China in order to get more scholars into the government
The Examination System
31
Importance of balance in Ancient China/religion
Yin and Yang
| Super important
32
Element of music in Ancient China
Timbre
33
What concept have people the right to overthrow the government in Ancient China?
The Mandate of Heaven
34
What was China's main military strategy?
The Great Wall
35
An important idea that came to China through the Silk Road?
Buddhism
36
A reason why Empress Wu is not on the list of greatest Chinese rulers?
Because she is a woman
| Because she supports Buddhism
37
What were the three golden ages of Ancient China?
Tang, Sung, Han
38
What frozen body of water was crossed to get to the Western Hemisphere?
The Bering Strait
39
What coincidence happened in Meso America in 1519
The Spanish came and Quetzalcoatl was supposed to come back
40
The staple crop on Meso America was
Corn/maize
41
The most important animal in Meso America was
The jaguar
42
What were the big colossal heads in Meso America
Big basalt sculptures from the time of the Olmecs
43
How did people in Meso America overcome agricultural challenges
Floating gardens
Terrace farming
Aqueducts
44
Meso Americans believe that "your soul is in your ______"
Blood
45
Which city in Meso America is the most important and is on the Mexican flag
Tenochtitlan
46
Meso Americans believed that caves were an opening to what?
The underworld
47
What stone in Meso America was very precious
Jade
48
A social class in Meso America that was larger than normal
Slaves
49
What Maya age was seen as a "golden age"
Classical
50
Amount of rivers and mountains in SSA
Lots of rivers but not many major mountains
51
Mediterranean climate zone SSA
Where traders came from
52
Desert climate zone SSA
Sand, camels
53
Savanna climate zone SSA
Good for cattle, unreliable rain, good trade
54
Rainforest climate zone SSA
No large scale agriculture, some trade but difficult because no animals- cannot have pack animals because of fly that carries disease, not good transportation, "hunting and gathering" mentality for food
55
Mother culture of SSA
Bantu Migrations
56
Agriculture SSA in rainforest
Hunting and gathering, limited, worse than savanna
57
Agriculture SSA in savanna
Decent, unreliable rain, better than rainforest
58
Specific trade items savanna SSA
Got salt for gold
59
SSA staple crops in savanna (and in general)
Millet and African rice (African rice did not need as much water as Asian rice)
60
Basic government SSA
Monarchy, kings and queens, had elders and advisors
61
SSA basic social system
Fluid mobility, lineage, matrilineal, some slaves, women were treated pretty well
62
Wealth was based off what in savanna in SSA
Was based off of ownership of cattle
63
Traditional African Religion
Henotheistic, animism, after life was important, ancestor worship
64
Basic art SSA
Lost wax process (shows sophistication), everybody is an artist, sophisticated
65
Basic music SSA
Rhythm, everyone is a musician, a part of life
66
Main music aspect SSA
Rhythm
67
How history was kept in SSA
Oral history, didn't write stuff down, griot
68
Griot SSA
Knew history of town, oral, teacher of history, if griot died before passing down the history the history of the family would be lost
69
What revolution occurred for Meso America
The Neolithic Revolution
70
Meso America staple crops
Corn/maize
71
Rainforest Meso America
Cleared out, not like Africa, south is farmable
72
Savanna Meso America
Not like Africa, highlands, good farming
73
Rivers Meso America
No major ones
74
Any pack animals in Meso America?
No, didn't have any pack animals
75
Geography's affect on unity in Meso America
Didn't affect it
76
Meso America resources
Wood and stone
77
Trade Meso America
Isolated so low trade
| But traded within Meso America- no international trade
78
Agriculture Meso America
Challenging-needed water
79
Water Meso America
Had to use aqueducts
| Needed to make the land work for them
80
Meso America architecture
Flat topped pyramids
Connected to astronomy
Arch was different
81
Meso America Art
Big colossal heads of basalt
| Jade
82
Stone in Meso America that was really important
Jade
83
Writing system Meso America
Maya had only original writing system in Meso America- but not much information on it because Spanish burned when they came
Olmecs has yet to be deciphered
Aztecs was more limited and basic
84
Arrival of Spanish Meso America
1519
| Spanish won because: Aztecs thought their God was coming that year, Spanish brought diseases, and many other reasons
85
What is the mother culture of Meso America
The Olmecs
86
In which religion was Nirvana the ultimate goal?
Buddhism
87
What is karma?
What goes around comes around/ what happens in this life will affect your next life
88
What civilization pressured India several years before the Mauryan Dynasty started?
Persia and Greece
89
What was the name of the founder of the Mauryan Empire?
Chandragupta Maurya
90
What does Shih Huangdi mean?
The First Universal Emperor
91
What items did Shih Huangdi standardize?
Money, coinage, government, and tax
92
What was the name of the trade route that was developed during the Han Dynasty in China?
The Silk Road
93
The warrior class in Japan was known as...
Samurais
94
What was a ronin in Ancient Japan?
bandit samurai/samurai who did not have masters or who had economic troubles
95
The political ruler of Ancient Japan was called a...
The Shogun-indirect ruler
96
Who tried to attack Ancient Japan in the late 1200s?
The Mongols (Kublai Khan)
97
"The Maya were obsessed with _______"
War
98
What was an important part of Mayan Religion which was not seen much elsewhere in the world?
Human sacrifice/giving blood
99
What happened to the Mayans in 800?
Began to decline and abandon the civilization for no reason known
100
Two groups in Maya upper class
Priests and nobles
101
What was another name for the Aztecs?
The Mexicas
102
India mountains
Himalayas and Hindu Kush
Hindu Kush had a pass
Great protection
103
India two great river valleys
Indus and Ganges
| Great agriculture
104
India Deccan Plateau
Upside down triangle at bottom of India
| Decent agriculture
105
India coasts
Rainforest ish
106
Indus Valley distinctive features
Sophisticated, undeciphered language
107
What Buddha means
The enlightened one
108
Asoka
First ruled horribly the became kind and converted to Buddhism
109
Chandragupta Maurya
Started Mauryan Dynasty, wasn't liked, very harsh
110
Synthesis
Ancient India
| Blending of Aryans and Dravidians
111
Caste System
In India
| Determines life, very rigid, Aryans started to separate themselves from Dravidians
112
Caste System order
```
Brahmans (priests)
Kshatriyas (warriors and rulers)
Vaisyas (merchants, farmers, artisans)
Shudras
Outcasts (not a formal caste, majorly shunned)
```
113
Reason to follow Caste System
Tradition
Gods created
Reincarnation
114
Vedas
Sacred religious texts from Hinduism from Vedic Age
115
Sanskrit
Written language
| Started in Vedic Age
116
Raja
Local tribal chief
117
Special Indian music aspect
Melody
118
India women
Seen as the second sex
Not educated
Sati (when husband died, had to burn to death when her husband was cremated)
119
India trade
Used Silk Road and imported a lot from Africa
120
India key products
Cotton, spices, tea
121
Decline of Buddhism India
Declined during Gupta Dynasty
Against Hinduism
Lost appeal because didn't believe in caste system
122
Reincarnation India
Hinduism and Buddhism believe that you become something else when you die
Goes along with karma
123
Karma India
What you do in this life will affect your next life/what goes around comes around
124
India Mother Culture
Vedic Age
125
Empress Wu
Age of Early Empire
| Favored Buddhism- people didn't like her that much because Buddhism was seen as a foreign religion
126
Confucius
Started Confucianism
| Was really poor as a kid
127
Shih Huangdi
Unifies China
Standardized a bunch of things
Legalist
Crucial
128
Kublai Khan
Ruled China and started Mongol Dynasty
Peaceful
Problem was that he is not Chinese
129
Golden Ages of China
T'ang Dynasty, Han Dynasty, Sung Dynasty
130
Mandate of Heaven
Chinese dynastic cycle
| When the rulers were being bad the citizens rebelled, and it was as if "heaven" didn't like the rulers anymore
131
Staple crops of China
Rice (double harvest) in south, wheat in north
132
Natural Boundaries of China
Strong
Only problem was to North- which is why The Great Wall was built
Very protected and isolated
133
Great Wall of China
Couldn't battle the barbarians (Huns) so created wall to stop them and their horses
134
Why Great Wall of China was bad
Got people killed because was so hard to make
| Wasted a lot of money
135
Filial Piety
Respecting ones elders and parents
| Ancient China
136
Five Relationships
Five important relationships in Confucianism~
1. older brother to younger brother
2. father to son
3. husband to wife
4. older friend to younger friend
5. subject to ruler
137
Writing system China
Ideographic
| People who could read/write were in upper classes
138
Three Doctrines
Ancient China
| Three main religions: Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism
139
Trade China
Export: silk
Import: nothing for a while, eventually tea
did not really need trade because they had many resources, but traded a lot anyway/economy was strong because of it
140
Arrival of Buddhism to China
Through Silk Road
141
Silk China
Only China had it for hundreds of years
Main export
Very strict to not let it out
142
Examination System China
Exams people took to get into government
Based a lot on confucianism
Train entire life for this
Seen as a way to make government non-hereditary and to get more scholars into government
143
Women China
Foot binding
Seen as property
Son preference
144
In SSA extended family would be grouped into larger groups based on ancestry called...
Lineage groups
145
Matrilineal SSA
The lineage was through ones mother
146
Japan geography
Archipelago, volcanic islands
Lots of mountains
Protected/isolated
147
Japan natural boundaries
Good
| Isolated
148
Japan natural resources
Limited
| Wood
149
Japan agriculture
Not much farmland but what they have is good
150
Japan staple crops
Rice (double harvest) and fish
151
Japan unity
Decent, not amazing
152
Japanese clans
Uji
| Large family groups
153
Japan rulers
Monarchy
| Rulers were more focused on religion than on government and politics
154
Japan and China similarities
Confucianism, Buddhism, little bit of language, art, culture, government structure
155
Japan music
```
Like China
Timbre, only upper class could play, pentatonic scale
```
156
Japan and China differences
No mandate of heaven in Japan and no examination system
157
Mongol Invasion of Japan
Tried to invade but couldn't because of a typhoon
158
Kamikaze means...
Divine winds
159
Japan social
Decent mobility
| Family of Shogun would rule
160
Taoism basics
Secondary religion for China
Yin and Yang
Polytheistic
Non-violence
161
Shinto basics
No founder
The Kami: deities
Nature is really important
162
Real rulers name in Japan
Shogun
163
Shogun Japan
Military warlord, an amazing warrior, political ruler
164
Name for warriors in Japan
Samurais
165
Ronin Japan
Used to be a samurai but master abandoned them
| "free agent"
166
Where are merchants on Japan Social Pyramid
Bottom
167
Portuguese coming to Japan
Brought trade, christianity, and weapons
168
Tokugawa Japan
Last unifier of Japan
Made social system super rigid
Very peaceful
Japan closed off from rest of world
