Basics of Addiction

Question 1

Neurotransmitters

Answer 1

referred to as the body’s chemical messengers. Used by the nervous system to transmit messages between neurons or from neurons to muscles.

Question 2

Dopamine

Answer 2

Neurotransmitter, sending signals from the body to the brain. Creates feelings of pleasure and reward, which motivates repetitious specific behaviors. Found in regions that regulate movement, emotion, motivation, and pleasure.

Question 3

Serotonin

Answer 3

Neurotransmitter (also considered a hormone by some) used to send messages between nerve cells. Regulates mood, appetite, digestion, is a precursor to melatonin and helps regulate sleep, and the body clock.

Question 4

Blackout

Answer 4

Phenomenon caused by the intake of any substance or medication in which long term memory creation is impaired, therefore causing a complete inability to recall the past.

Question 5

GABA

Answer 5

Naturally occurring amino acid that works as a neurotransmitter in your brain. Blocks or inhibits certain brain signals and decreases activity in your nervous system.

Question 6

GABA Receptor

Answer 6

Protein in your brain when attached to GABA it produces a calming effect. Can help with feelings of anxiety, stress, and fear.

Question 7

Synapse

Answer 7

A structure that permits a neuron (nerve cell) to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another cell (neural or otherwise).

Question 8

Genetic:

Answer 8

Of or relating to genes or hereditary.

Question 9

Hereditary

Answer 9

Genetic factor that is able to be passed on from parent to child.

Question 10

Predisposition

Answer 10

An increased likelihood of developing a particular disease based on a person’s genetic makeup.

Question 11

Environmental

Answer 11

Relating to or arising from a person’s surroundings.

Question 12

DNA

Answer 12

Nucleic acid that carries the genetic information in the cell.

Question 13

Disease (1)

Answer 13

Pathological condition with an identifiable group of signs or symptoms.

Question 14

Disease (2)

Answer 14

A condition or tendency society regards as abnormal and harmful.

Question 15

Concept

Answer 15

A general idea derived or inferred from specific instances or occurrences. Something formed in the mind: a thought or notion.

Question 16

Recovery

Answer 16

A return to a normal state of mind or strength.

Question 17

Relapse

Answer 17

To fall or slide back into a formal state. To regress after partial recovery.

Question 18

Chemical

Answer 18

A drug, especially an illicit or addictive one.

Question 19

Abuse

Answer 19

To use wrongly or improperly; misuse; identified by significant negative consequences

Question 20

Dependency

Answer 20

Identified by increased tolerance and the presence of withdrawal symptoms

Question 21

Primary

Answer 21

First or highest in rank

Question 22

Addiction

Answer 22

A chronic, relapsing disease characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use, despite serious adverse consequences, and by long-lasting changes in the brain.

Question 23

Barbiturates

Answer 23

Sedative-hypnotics, a type of central nervous system (CNS) depressant used to promote sleep (usually in surgical procedures), treat insomnia, seizures, and headaches.

Question 24

Benzodiazepine

Answer 24

A type of CNS depressant prescribed to relieve anxiety and sleep problems. Valium and Xanax are among the most widely prescribed medications.

Question 25

Buprenorphine

Answer 25

A mixed opiate agonist/antagonist medication approved by the FDA in Oct. 2002 for the treatment of opioid addiction (e.g. heroin).

Question 26

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 26

The brain and spinal cord.

Question 27

CNS Depresseants

Answer 27

A class of drugs that slow CNS function (also called sedatives and tranquilizers), some of which are used to treat anxiety and sleep disorders; includes barbiturates and benzodiazepines.

Question 28

Comorbidity

Answer 28

The occurrence of two disorders or illnesses in the same person, also referred to as co-occurring conditions or dual diagnosis. Patients may experience a more severe illness course and require treatment for each or all conditions.

Question 29

Detoxification

Answer 29

A process in which the body rids itself of a drug (or its metabolites). During this period, withdrawal symptoms can emerge that may require medical treatment. This is often the first step in drug abuse treatment.

Question 30

Methadone

Answer 30

A long-acting synthetic opioid medication that is effective in treating opioid addiction and pain.

Question 31

Norepinephrine

Answer 31

A neurotransmitter present in the brain and the peripheral (sympathetic) nervous system; and a hormone released by the adrenal glands. Is involved in attention, responses to stress, and it regulates smooth muscle contraction, heart rate, and blood pressure.

Question 32

Opioid

Answer 32

A compound or drug that binds to receptors in the brain involved in the control of pain and other functions (e.g. morphine, heroin, hydrocodone, oxycodone).

Question 33

Physical Dependence

Answer 33

An adaptive physiological state that occurs with regular drug use and results in a withdrawal syndrome when drug use is stopped; often occurs with tolerance. By itself it does not constitute addiction.

Question 34

Polydrug Abuse

Answer 34

The abuse of two or more drugs at the same time, such as CNS depressants and alcohol.

Question 35

Prescription drug abuse

Answer 35

Use of a medication without a prescription, in a way other than as prescribed, or for the experience or feeling elicited. Term is used interchangeably with "nonmedical" use.

Question 36

Psychotherapeutics

Answer 36

Drugs that have an effect on the function of the brain and often are used to treat psychiatric/neurologic disorders. (Opioids, CNS depressants, and stimulants)

Question 37

Sedatives

Answer 37

Drugs that suppress anxiety and promote sleep.

Question 38

Stimulants

Answer 38

A class of drugs that enhances the activity of monamines (e.g. dopamine) in the brain, increasing arousal, heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration, and decreasing appetite.

Question 39

Tolerance

Answer 39

A condition in which higher doses of a drug are required to produce the same effect achieved during initial use' often associated with physical dependence.

Question 40

Tranquilizers

Answer 40

Drugs prescribed to promote sleep or reduce anxiety

Question 41

Withdrawal

Answer 41

Symptoms that occur after Chronic use of a drug is reduced abruptly or stopped.

Question 42

Cravings

Answer 42

Identified by triggers and urges

Question 43

Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)

Answer 43

Passed by Teddy Roosevelt, prohibited misbranding adulterated foods, drinks, and drugs and eventually led to the creation of the FDA

Question 44

Substance Abuse Disorder

Answer 44

Once "addiction" now has the three components: Abuse, Dependence, Cravings

Question 45

Harrison Narcotics Tax Act (1914)

Answer 45

Regulated and taxed the production, importation, and distribution of opiates and coca product

Question 46

Alcoholism is defined as a disease.

Answer 46

1956: American Medical Association presents evidence to the U.S. Supreme Court to establish a definition for alcoholism.

Question 47

Inhalents

Answer 47

Fastest route to addiction.

Question 48

Spectrum of Substance Use, Abuse

Answer 48

1. Drug Experimentation 2. Social Use of Drugs 3. Binge Drinking 4. Substance Abuse 5. Addiction/Chemical Dependency

Question 49

DSM-V

Answer 49

Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Question 50

Model of Recovery

Answer 50

1. Transition 2. Stabilization 3. Early Recovery 4. Middle Recovery 5. Late Recovery 6. Maintenance

Question 51

The Disease Concept

Answer 51

1. Primary 2. Chronic 3. Progressive 4. Permanent/Chronic 5. Fatal if left unchecked 6. Treatable

Question 52

Controlled Substances Act (1970)

Answer 52

Consolidated and updated most drug laws that had been passed in the 20th century. DEA was created ('73) and charged with enforcing the legislation. Established Drug Scheduling.

Question 53

5 Classes of Drugs

Answer 53

1.Narcotics 2.Depressants 3.Stimulants 4.Hallucinogens 5.Anabolic steroids

Question 54

Schedule I

Answer 54

Drugs with a high abuse potential and no approved medical uses.

Question 55

Schedule II

Answer 55

Substances with a high abuse potential even though they have medical uses.

Question 56

Schedule III

Answer 56

Substances with less abuse potential (e.g., anabolic steroids)

Question 57

Schedule IV

Answer 57

Drugs that have even less abuse potential (e.g., Valium)

Question 58

Schedule V

Answer 58

Substances with very low abuse potential because of very limited quantities of narcotic and stimulant drugs; some sold over the counter.