Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharm 313 > Basics of Pain Mgmt > Flashcards

Basics of Pain Mgmt Flashcards

1
Q

How many identified neurotransmitters?

A

21

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What cannot pass through the blood brain barrier (size, properties)?

A

Protein bound highly ionized drugs cannot pass thru the BBB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which population is more sensitive to CNS medications due to the state of their BBB?

A

Infants b/c it is less developed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How long does chronic dosing take to have effect? why?

A
  • weeks for optimal outcome
  • ADAPTIVE changes in brain have to occur in response to the drug
    ex: psych meds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why do you need to start low and go slow with CNS meds?

A

side effects can be intense initially but can subside as tolerance increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is it called when you need an increase amount of CNS drug to get the same response?

A

Tolerance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is it called when an abrupt discontinuation of CNS meds causes withdrawal sxs?

A

Dependence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The 1-10 pain scale can be used for chronic or acute pain?

A

both!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do you treat mild pain 1-3?

A

non-opioids (NSAID, acetaminophen .,adjuvants)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do you treat moderate pain (4-6)?

A

moderate to strong opioids

  • codeine, hydrocodone, oxycodone + tylenol
  • oxycontin extended release
  • adjuvants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do you treat severe pain 7-10?

A

strong opioids

-morphine, hydrocodone, fentanyl, methadone, meperidine, adjuvants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which medication can be used to treat every level of pain?

A

adjuvants!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is an adjuvant?

A
  • drugs that are medications that were not initially created for pain management but can treat pain
  • drug of choice for neuropathic pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the drug of choice for neuropathic pain?

A

adjuvants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Examples of Adjuvants

A
  • Tricyclic antidepressants (amitryptine/Elavil)
  • Antiseizure (gabapentin/Neurotonin)
  • Topical anesthetic (lidocaine patch)
  • CNS stimulant (methylphenidate/Ritalin)
  • Glucocorticoids (dexamethason/Decadron)
  • Biophosphates (pamidronate/Aredia)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which adjuvant can treat cancer pain from SOLID tumor?

A

-Glucocorticoids like dexmathasone/Decadron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which adjuvant can treat cancer BONE pain?

A

Biophospate like pamidronate(Aredia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the purpose of a multimodal pain protocol?

A

-use adjuvants and non-opioids to decrease opioid use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which do you use more of to achieve results- oral or iv medication?

A

Oral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is equianalgesic dosing?

A

administering a dose that is equivalent in pain relieving ability to another dose (change route or med)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the preferred route of medication for chronic pain? why?

A

Oral

  1. easy to take
  2. lasts longer (less peaks and trough)
22
Q

What is onset time of an oral analgesic?

A

30 minutes

23
Q

Why is oral dose larger then IV dose?

A

First pass effect

24
Q

Do you ever give intramuscular pain meds? why or why not?

A

not recommended b/c of administration pain and variable rates of absorption

25
What is onset time for IV analgesics?
within minutes
26
How quickly do you push opioids?
slowly
27
What happens if push opioid too fast?
-hypotension, vomiting, rep depression
28
What does PCA stand for? How does it work?
Patient Controlled Analgesia - patient controls rate of delivery by pressing button - dosage/frequency limitations and lockouts preset in order by provider
29
Advantages of PCA pump
1. use less drug 2. immediate relief 3. less variation to drug levels 4. less side effects 5. less time for nurse
30
Which patients cannot use PCA pump?
-confused, sedated
31
What is the role of an End Tidal CO2 monitor?
detects amount of CO2 coming out of nose - measures respiratory depression - if CO2 too low = sedation --> pump pauses and alarm rings
32
If you are hypo-ventilating what is your O2 sat?
O2 can still be high if hypoventilating so need end tidal CO2 monitor
33
3 different PCA pump settings
1. continuous- drip 2. PCA- only get med when pt push 3. Continuous with PCA- combo!
34
What must be included on PCA order?
(loading dose maybe) - setting: continuous, PCA, combo - med name - lockout time: amount of time b/w doses - #/hour limit - PCA dose amount
35
What is an important patient teaching with PCA pump?
- only patient can push - lockout time/max dose - will hear nouse after hit button which means dose is happening
36
What kind of pain is treated with transdermal patch?
-chronic, consistent, or cancer pain
37
duration of time transdermal med is released over? how long can it continue to work for? why do i care?
24 hours - can work up to 72 hours - always remove the old patch before putting a new one on!
38
Transdermal analgesics are contraindicated for what type of pain?
- postop - post op pain meds should decrease over time - when used with post op or acute pain it can cause death
39
What can increase rate of transdermal absorption?
fever, heating pad
40
Considerations for handling transdermal patches?
- nurse wear gloves - dispose where no one can touch it - -->NOT in a trash can
41
Rectal suppositories are not effected by ______
first pass effect
42
Onset of action for rectal suppositories?
slow onset of action
43
Considerations for administering rectal suppository analgesics?
-make sure not pressed against stool which would decrease absorption
44
Sublingual/Buccal are not effected by ______
first pass effect
45
Onset of sublingual/buccal analgesic?
-quickly: 5-7 minutes
46
Who should not use sublingual/buccal opioid analgesics?
opioid naive
47
Which patient population would benefit from sublingual?
cancer**, chronic
48
Tell me everything you know about intranasal cns analgesics?
- agonist/antagonist drug - not used often - treat migraines
49
What is around the clock dosing?
- preferred way to treat cancer, chronic, 1st 24 hour post op pain - creates steady state pain
50
What is breakthrough pain?
-transient episodes of severe pain treated with breakthrough dose
51
What is a breakthrough dose?
- rapid onset, short duration of pain medication used with breakthrough pain ex: po morphine, buccal, fentanyl nasal spray
52
3 things to consider for pain med scheduling?
- assess/reassess frequently - dose individually - premedicate for painful procedure/activities

Pharm 313 (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions