Basics of Structure and Function: The Cell

Question 1

the smallest unit of life

Answer 1

Cells

Question 2

A group of cells performing the same function (muscles, nerves)

Answer 2

Tissue

Question 3

two or more types of tissues (skin, kidney, intestine, liver)

Answer 3

Organ

Question 4

2+ organs working together (respiratory, digestive, reproductive, cardiovascular

Answer 4

Organ System

Question 5

(bipolar: outside = hydrophilic, inside hydrophobic)

Answer 5

Lipid bilayer

Question 6

(plasmalemma) has lipid bilayer and integral proteins

Answer 6

Cell membrane

Question 7

Carriers, channels, receptors

Answer 7

Integral proteins

Question 8

Nucleus, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, Mitochondria, Lysosomes and Centrosome

Answer 8

Organelles of the Cell

Question 9

control center

DNA and RNA

Answer 9

Nucleus

Question 10

Rough ER: protein synthesis

Smooth ER: lipid synthesis

Answer 10

Endoplastic reticulum

Question 11

protein synthesis

Answer 11

Rough ER

Question 12

lipid synthesis

Answer 12

Smooth ER

Question 13

packaging materials

Form vesicles, lysosomes

Answer 13

Golgi apparatus

Question 14

powerhouse

Citric acid cycle

Answer 14

Mitochondria

Question 15

intracellular digestion

Answer 15

Lysosomes

Question 16

spindle pole to organize during cell division

Answer 16

Centrosome

Question 17

Occurs in mitochondria

Citric acid cycle

Aerobic (oxygen)

Metabolic oxidation

Catabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins

Produces ATP

Also produces metabolic water

Answer 17

Energy Production

Question 18

Transcription

Translation

Mitosis

Answer 18

Function of DNA and RNA

Question 19

increases cell size or number  tissue size  organ size

Answer 19

Cell growth

Question 20

reproduction of cells

Answer 20

Hyperplasia

Question 21

increased size of a cell with increased functional capacity

Answer 21

Hypertrophy

Question 22

decreased size of cell/s, not being used so tissue decreases in size (muscles in arm when in a cast)

Answer 22

Atrophy

Question 23

tissue doesn’t develop completely

Answer 23

Hypoplasia

Question 24

tissue doesn’t develop at all

Answer 24

Aplasia

Question 25

produce more cells and/or organisms Can be Asexual or Sexual

Answer 25

Reproduction

Question 26

mitosis—most cells

Answer 26

Asexual

Question 27

meiosis—gonads only in multicellular organisms

Answer 27

Sexual

Question 28

utilization of nutrients Can be anabolism or catabolism

Answer 28

Metabolism

Question 29

Building nutrients

Answer 29

Anabolism

Question 30

Breakdown of nutrients

Answer 30

Catabolism

Question 31

Irritability (excitability Nervous and endocrine system mostly in multicellular organisms Getting material in/out of cells Diffusion, Active transport Endocytosis Phagocytosis pinocytosis, Exocytosis

Answer 31

Properties of Cells

Question 32

react to stimuli

Answer 32

Irritability (excitability)

Question 33

Diffusion, Active transport Endocytosis Phagocytosis pinocytosis, Exocytosis

Answer 33

Getting material in/out of cells

Question 34

Organic Molecules in living tissue

Answer 34

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Phosphorus

Question 35

Inorganic Molecules in Living Tissue

Answer 35

Calcium in bone Other trace minerals Electrolytes: sodium, chloride, potassium Iron in RBCs, Iodine in thyroid hormones

Question 36

Two Types of Proteins

Answer 36

Structural and Reactive

Question 37

Protein type that has parts of cells, tissues, organs

Answer 37

Structural

Question 38

Protein Type that has enzymes, receptors, hormones, contractile, antibodies

Answer 38

Reactive

Question 39

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary

Answer 39

Protein Structure

Question 40

Which protein structure is a sequence of A.A.

Answer 40

Primary

Question 41

Which protein structure is a conformation of polypeptide chain

Answer 41

Secondary

Question 42

Protein Structure of folding of the chain—globular or not

Answer 42

Tertiary

Question 43

Protein structure joining of 2 or more polypeptide chains

Answer 43

Quaternary

Question 44

Most of cell membrane, some hormones (steroids, prostaglandins), some vitamins (Vitamin D) Cholesterol (part of cell membrane, basis of steroid hormones) Triglycerides Waxes (lanolin) Storage form of energy in the body

Answer 44

Lipids (fats)

Question 45

Used for energy Sugars and starches Glucose—glycolysis Glycogen—polymer

Answer 45

Carbohydrates

Question 46

In DNA and RNA Genetics and protein synthesis

Answer 46

Nucleic acids