Tissues and Body Cavities

Question 1

Four basic types of primary tissue

Answer 1

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Neural/Nerve

Question 2

Germ layers form tissues

Tissues form organs

Organs form organ systems

Fetus forms when organs are in place (1st trimester)

Answer 2

Functions of Epithelium

Question 3

Number: Simple or Stratified
Name by the shape

Answer 3

Types of epithelial cells

Question 4

One layer thick
allows for exchange of material

Answer 4

Simple

Question 5

multiple layers
for protection

Answer 5

stratified

Question 6

thin and plate-like
Simple squamous epithelium

A single layer of thin, flat cells of irregular outlines

Form continuous, thin membranes

Endothelium, Mesothelium, Mesenchymal

Answer 6

Squamous

Question 7

lining of the subarachnoid spaces (in the brain) and chambers of the eye

Answer 7

Mesenchymal

Question 8

simple squamous epithelium lining the body cavities (pleura and peritoneum)

Answer 8

Mesothelium

Question 9

simple layer of squamous cells forming the inner lining of the heart, blood vessels, lymph vessels

Answer 9

Endothelium

Question 10

equal height and width (appears square )
Simple cuboidal epithelium

Widely distributed

Choroid plexus of the nervous system,

Outer covering of the ovary,

Lining of the follicles in the thyroid gland

Answer 10

Cuboidal

Question 11

taller than they are wide
Lining for the digestive tract

May be absorptive, secretory or both

Some secrete mucus  protection

Also ciliated simple columnar

Cilia: motile extension of cell surface

Move tubular contents in a single direction

E.g. Uterine tubes (oviduct)

Answer 11

Columnar

Question 12

stratified epithelium with a varied appearance

Lining of the muscular urinary bladder

When empty  bladder contracts  epithelium has many layers

When full  bladder stretches  only 2 – 3 layers

Answer 12

Transitional

Question 13

appears to be multiple layers but actually has only one

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

Non-ciliated exist too

Line the respiratory tract

Goblet cells provide wet surface

Entraps inhaled particles

Cilia direct the wet surface towards the mouth

Answer 13

Pseudostratified

Question 14

Protection

Withstand wear and tear

Nonkeratinizing

Found on wet surfaces subjected to wear and tear

Inside of mouth and esophagus

Keratinizing

A.k.a. cornified

Cells fused together

Minimizes fluid loss

Greater protection

Found on epidermis (outer layer) of skin

Answer 14

Stratified squamous

Question 15

Two types of secretions for glands originate from the epithelium

Answer 15

Exocrine and endocrine

Question 16

secretions to the outside of the body

Have ducts

Answer 16

Exocrine

Question 17

secretions within the body.

Ductless

Answer 17

Endocrine

Question 18

Types of Glands

Answer 18

Holocrine, Mericrine and Apocrine

Question 19

accumulates secretory products in its cytoplasm and then dies

Ex: Sebaceous (oily, fatty) glands

Answer 19

Holocrine

Question 20

secrete via vesicles so no part of cell lost

Ex: Pancreas and salivary glands

Answer 20

Merocrine

Question 21

secretions gather at the outer ends of glands and then pinch off

Ex: Mammary and sweat glands

Answer 21

Apocrine

Question 22

Surface layer of epithelium in an underlying layer of connective tissue.

Answer 22

Epithelial membranes

Question 23

two types of epithelial mebranes

Answer 23

Mucous and Serous

Question 24

mucosae

Line the hollow organs and cavities

Digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive

Answer 24

mucous membrane

Question 25

serosae Line the body cavities and related organs Pleura (lining thorax) Pericardium (lining cavity outside heart) Peritoneum (lining abdomen and pelvic cavity)

Answer 25

Serous membrane

Question 26

Provides mechanical support Provides place for metabolite exchange Provides place for energy storage From the mesoderm, connects one body part to another All CT arise from mesenchyme (mesoderm embryonic tissue) Have different vascularity’s (all are vascular/have blood supply except for cartilage) Have an extracellular matrix (gives support and strength)

Answer 26

Connective Tissue

Question 27

All CT arise from this (mesoderm embryonic tissue)

Answer 27

mesenchyme

Question 28

gives support and strength to connective tissue

Answer 28

extracellular matrix

Question 29

Production of intercellular substances Storing fat (adipocytes) Production of various blood cells

Answer 29

Chiefs functions of different connective tissue

Question 30

connective tissue can be classified as

Answer 30

loose or dense

Question 31

Arranged in parallel bundles Form tendons

Answer 31

Dense Regular

Question 32

Fibers are interwoven and compacted to form dense matting Found on dermis of skin

Answer 32

Dense irregular

Question 33

Generates contractile force (movement)

Answer 33

Muscular Tissue

Question 34

Voluntary (under conscious control), striated, attached to bone

Answer 34

Skeletal

Question 35

Involuntary (non under conscious control), non-striated, make up walls of blood vessels or tubular organs (stomach, bladder, intestines)

Answer 35

Smooth

Question 36

Involuntary, striated, located only at heart

Answer 36

Cardiac

Question 37

Provides transmission, reception, integration of electrical impulses Sends impulses through the body, no specific tissue types but specific cell types Nerve cells: neurons, neuroglia cells / supporting cells

Answer 37

Nervous Tissue

Question 38

Name the body cavities

Answer 38

Dorsal, Cranial, Vertebral, Ventral, Thoracic, Abdominal, Pelvic

Question 39

Name the cavities under dorsal

Answer 39

Cranial , vertebral

Question 40

Name the cavities under the ventral

Answer 40

thoracic, abdominal and pelvic

Question 41

houses brain

Answer 41

cranial cavity

Question 42

spinal cord

Answer 42

vertebral cavity

Question 43

Divided into two lateral chambers

Answer 43

pleural cavity

Question 44

serous membrane lining the chambers

Answer 44

pleura

Question 45

lining the lungs

Answer 45

visceral pleura

Question 46

mediastinum, costal and diaphragmatic

Answer 46

parietal pleura

Question 47

(mediastinum) Space in between the two lungs Partition between two pleural cavities Contains heart, thoracic parts of the esophagus, trachea, vessels, and nerves Bound laterally by mediastinal pleura

Answer 47

Mediastinal Space

Question 48

Contains kidneys, most of digestive organs, and reproductive organs Pelvic cavity and Peritoneum Lines the abdominal cavity and extends into the pelvic cavity

Answer 48

Abdominal Cavity

Question 49

contains rectum and urogenital system

Answer 49

Pelvic Cavity

Question 50

serous membrane lining the cavity Different folds form as organs migrate into the abdominal cavity during fetal development

Answer 50

Peritoneum

Question 51

folds of the peritoneum that passes from the stomach to other viscera

Answer 51

Omentum

Question 52

folds of peritoneum that attaches intestine to the dorsal wall of abdominal cavity

Answer 52

Mesentery

Question 53

folds that pass between viscera, other parts of the digestive tube, or connect them with the abdominal wall

Answer 53

Ligaments