BCN Back of book questions Quiz 4 Flashcards
(44 cards)
What are the anteroposterior subdivisions of the hypothalmus? Ch 18
Chiasmic
Tuberal
Mamillary
What is the chief Neural output of the hypothalmus? Ch 18
Anterior thalamic nucleus –> medial dorsal thalamic nucleus –> brainstem and spinal motor and autonomic centers
What is the hypophysial portal system? Ch 18
Vascular connection between tuberal region and anterior pituitary.
Which part of the hypothalmus is associated with temperature regulation? Ch 18
Heat loss Anterior
Heat conservation Posterior
Which part of the hypothalamus is associated with parasympatheminmetic activity? Ch 18
Anterior
Which part of the hypothalamus is associated with sympathomimetic activity? Ch 18
Posterior
Which part of the hypothalamus is associated with hypothalamic regulatory hormones? Ch 18
Tuberal part
Which part of the hypothalamus is associated with water balance? Ch 18
Anterior
Which part of the hypothalamus is associated with Sleep-wake cycle? Ch 18
Anterior
Which part of the hypothalamus is associated with emotions? Ch 18
Tuberal and posterior
What are the chief differences between the somatic and autonomic efferent systems? Ch 19
Somatic - voluntary control, consists of alpha motor neurons and axons (directly innervates skeletal muscle)
Autonomic - involuntary, has preganglionic neuron, located in brainstem or spinal cord, and has postganglionic neuron, located in autonomic ganglion. Innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, or glandular tissue
Describe the origin of the sacral parasympathetic system? Ch 19
Arise from neurons in and near intermediolateral nucleus of
S2, S3, S4
Describe the origin of the cranial parasympathetic system? Ch 19
Edinger-Westphal nucleus axons travel to oculomotor
Superior Salivatory nucleus axons travel to facial
Inferior Salivatory nucleus axons travel to glossopharyngeal
Dorsal Vagal nucleus axons travel to vagus nerve
Describe the origin of pregaglionic sympathetic fibers. Ch 19
Arise from sympathetic nucleus
Extends from C7 or C8 to L2 or L3
Comprises intermediolateral part of the lateral horn
Which cranial nerves contain autonomic afferent fibers, and describe their connections? Ch 19
CN IX - Go to oral cavity, pharynx, and carotid body and sinus
CN X - Go to thoracic and abdominal viscera
What are the exceptions to the general rule of visceral pain fibers from the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic viscera coming from T1-T2 spinal nerves? Ch 19
The sigmoid colon, rectum, neck of bladder, prostate gland, and cervix of uterus
These come from S2, S3, and S4 spinal nerves
Contrast the effects of stimulation of parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves on the heart, urinary bladder, and sex organs? Ch 19
Parasympathetic
Decrease HR, emptying of urinary bladder, and erection
Sympathetic
Increase HR, relaxation of bladder, ejaculation
A young man seriously injured in a MVA is quadriplegic and incontinent. Urination occurs in this patient in an automatic and abrupt manner, but bladder emptying is incomplete. Where is the lesion? Ch 19
Above the lumbar enlargement
Another patient has bladder dysfunction of a different type. This patient was injured while diving into a shallow pool of water, sustaining a low back injury. In addition to motor and sensory losses, the patient is incontinent and urine is expelled only when a catheter is inserted into the bladder. Sensations are normal on the anterior surface of the thigh, leg, and foot, but absent on most of the posterior thigh, leg and foot. the urinary incontinence is the result of? Ch 19-11
Spinal cord injury to sacral cord
A 63 y/o male was initially admitted to the neurology service because the patient complained of slightly drooping eyelid and a small pupil on the right side (Horners Syndrome). The patient also had a persistent cough, and the history revealed that the patient was a long-term smoker. Physical exam revealed asymmetric sweating on the face with anhidrosis on the right side. Sensory and motor responses were normal. The patient was in the process of being transferred to the oncology service. What caused the anhidrosis, partial ptosis, and miosis? Ch 19-12
A lesion of the cervical sympathetic trunk
Chronic vagal nerve stimulation reportedly modulates seizure activity and mood disorders. Chronic vagal nerve stimulation would also be expected to increase? Ch 19-13
Decrease HR
Decrease RR
Increase Gastric secretions**
Decrease libido
A 32 y/o male has paralysis of facial movements on the entire right side of the face. The onset of the deficits was sudden and occurred overnight. In addition to being unable to elevate the ipsilateral corner of the mouth, the patient would also have? Ch 19-14
Dry mouth
(decreased nasal and lacrimal secretion)
(abnormal everything else on there except chewing movements, that is trigeminal nerve so would be normal)
Alterations in which basal forebrain nucleus are associated with decreased cerebral cortical cholinergic activity in Alzheimers disease? Ch 20-3
Basal nucleus of Meynert
The pleasure induced by psychostimulants such as amphetamine or cocaine is associated with increased activity of what neurotransmitter in which limbic system center? Ch 20-4
Accumbens nucleus,
Receives strong dopaminergic projection from the ventral tegmental area of midbrain
Increases dopamine activity