BCN Ch 22

Question 1

How long does it take to become unconscious with no blood to the brain?

Answer 1

20 seconds unconscious

4-5 min irreversible damage

Question 2

How much blood does white matter need compared to grey?

Answer 2

25-white mL/100

75 grey

Question 3

How much total CBF goes through the brain?

Answer 3

750 mL/min

Question 4

How often does the blood turn over in the brain?

Answer 4

5-7x/min

Question 5

What’s the avg CBF?

Answer 5

50 mL/100g/min

Question 6

How does the brain blood flow differ from the rest of the body?

Answer 6

It has its own regulation system and little ANS effect

Question 7

How does hypoxia/hypercarbia effect the CBF?

Answer 7

vasodilation and increases CBF

Question 8

How does hypocarbia effect CBF?

Answer 8

Vasoconstriction and decrease CBF

Question 9

What does hyperventilation treatment do to intracranial pressure?

Answer 9

decreases

Question 10

How do veins in the brain differ from in the periphery?

Answer 10

No valves
no muscular tissue
(may provide entry way for pathogens)

Question 11

What is Kernicterus?

Answer 11

Condition of excessive bilirubin in neonates

Question 12

What can disruptions in the astrocyte processes result in?

Answer 12

leakage and possible cerebral edema

Question 13

What are the 2 blood supply routes to the cerebral vasculature?

Answer 13

Anterior/carotid system

Posterior/vetebral-basilar system

Question 14

What are the 3 sections of the internal carotid artery?

Answer 14

Cervical section - Carotid bifurcation to carotid canal
Petrous section - carotid canal of temporal bone
Cavernous section - cavernous sinus from carotid canal entering dura

Question 15

Which artery supplies the retina?

Answer 15

Ophthalmic artery - branch of carotid artery

Question 16

Where do the hypophysial arteries originate and what does it supply?

Answer 16

Originates near pituitary stalk and hypophysial portal system that supplies anterior lobe of pituitary gland

Question 17

Where is on of the most frequent sites for aneurysms at origin?

Answer 17

Posterior communicating artery

Question 18

What does the anterior choroidal artery supply?

Answer 18

hippocampus, amygdaloid, ventral and entire retrolenicular part of the posterior limb, choroid plexus of inferior horn or lateral ventricle

Question 19

What does segment A-1 of the anterior cerebral artery supply?

Answer 19

anterior hypothalamus

Question 20

What does the distal A-1 or proximal A-2 segment of the anterior cerebral artery supply?

Answer 20

(I don’t know what any of these are)
head of caudate nucleus, anterior pole of the putament, anterior part of globus pallidus, anterior limb of internal capsule as far dorsal as the globus pallidus

Question 21

Which artery wraps around the corpus callosum?

Answer 21

Pericallosal artery trunk - part of the anterior cerebral artery

Question 22

What happens if there is a CVA in the anterior cerebral artery?

Answer 22

sensoriomotor deficits of the opposite leg and foot
urinary incontincence
contralateral frontal lobe signs

Question 23

What is the most frequently occluded cerebral artery?

Answer 23

Middle cerebral artery

Question 24

Where is the most common area of spontaneous hemorrhage for patients with long standing hypertension?

Answer 24

M-1 segement of MCA

lenticulostriate vessels

Question 25

What do MCA CVA's result in

Answer 25

sensoriomotor deficits in contralateral face and upper extremity If in dominate hemisphere is involved global aphasia if non-dominatne hemisphere neglect syndrome

Question 26

Where do the veterbral arteries originate?

Answer 26

Subclavian artery and travel up the transverse foramina

Question 27

Where does the posterior spinal artery originate?

Answer 27

just after passing through the foramen magnum

Question 28

What does the posterior spinal artery supply?

Answer 28

Posteriorlateral aspect ofthe caudal medulla and spinal cord

Question 29

What does the posterior inferior cerebellar arteries supply?

Answer 29

posterior lateral medulla, choroid plexus of fourth ventricle posterior and inferior parts of the cerebellum

Question 30

What do CVAs in the veterebral artery result in?

Answer 30

ipsilateral loss of pain and temperature in face contralateral loss of pain and temp in limbs, neck and trunk ipsilateral horners syndrome hoarseness; dysphagia; nystagmus; vertigo; diplopia; ipsilateral ataxia; ipsialateral loss of taste

Question 31

What do the Pontine arteries supply?

Answer 31

pons

Question 32

What do the cortical branches of the posterior cerebral artery supply?

Answer 32

hippocampus; medial and inferior temporal and occipital lobes

Question 33

Where might you see watershed areas of redundant CBF?

Answer 33

Between ACA and MCA

Question 34

What does the anterior spinal artery supply?

Answer 34

anterior and lateral spinal cord

Question 35

What does a CVA in the anterior spinal artery result in?

Answer 35

total motor paralysis and sensory dissociation below level of lesion

Question 36

What does the posterior spinal artery supply?

Answer 36

``` dorsal columns (gracile and cuneate tracts) ```

Question 37

What are the two types of CVA?

Answer 37

Ischemic (occlusion of vessel) | Hemorrhagic (rupture of vessel)

Question 38

Which type of CVA is more dangerous?

Answer 38

Hemorrhagic