Beef Flashcards
what is the goal for the cow-calf cycle?
one healthy, heavy calf from each cow, each year
at what age are calves separated from cows
six months
goal of weaning? broad
low stress (reduces susceptibility to illness)
what is a quiet wean
using the nose plug so the calf can not drink milk
describe winter feeding
cow is dry and pregnant
- nutrient requirements low
- saves cost (feed, labour)
goals of finishing cattle
- increasing carcass weight
- add fat cover and marbeling
- increases carvass value and meat quality
- minimize time on feed (4-6 months on high grain diet)
what are the three methods of feeding feedlot cattle?
- TMR; most common
- component: components are fed separately, hard to monitor individual roughage intake
- self0 fed: refil feeders as needed
when are cattle at highest risk for disease?
when recieving cattle
describe stress associated when receiving cattle
- comingled, transported, new surroundings
- unknown vaccinations
- may have never eaten out of a munk
- adapt slowly to high grain diet
describe the process of rumen acidosis
- grains are fermented
- bacterial growth rates increase
- ph decreases
- increased lactate production
- ph decreased
- bacterial growth rates decrease
- enzymatic activity of fibrolytic microorganisms
- lactate production increases
- ph decreases
- lactobacillus increases
- lactate increases
- ph decreases even further
- death
describe liver abscesses
- ruminant acidosis and gut barrier dysfunctiom
- fusobacterium necrophorum
- highly prevalent
- impacts growth
- most common in holsteins
describe in-feed antibiotics for liver abscesses
- must be prescribed
- tyrosine phosphate (gram positive bacteria(
- short withdrawal time
- decreases fusobacterium necrophorum and actinomuces pyogens
what is an alternative to in feed antibiotics
decreased roughage levels
why are ear implants used?
- replaces hormones from castration
- improves feed efficiency
- increased ADG
what are the two main types of implants?
androgenic (trenblone and testosterone)
estrogenic (estradiol, zeranol)
how do implants work
- slowly release hormones into blood stream
- enhances protein deposition (increase rate of protein gain)
- increases lean to fat ratio (increases liveweight to attain carcass fatness and marbling)
- increases growth of bone (cattle can look older than they are, over 30 months of age prices get docked)
at what age do beef cattle get discounted
30 months
describe the reduc tion of resources seen when using implants
- 11% more beed with 20% less cattle
when are carcassess inspected
- ante mordem
- post mordem
- veterinarian
who does carcass inspection federally
canadian food inspection agency
who does carcass inspection provincially
ontario ministry of agriculture, food and rural affairs
what are the challenges in the packing industry
- increasing carcass size
- more yield 2 cattle (more fat trim)
- variation in tenderness (tough steaks), genetics cal help
what is rendering
the recycling fo used cooking oils and inedible by-products from the meat processing industries into useable products like fats and protein meals
how much of a cow do we not eat
49%
