Beef cattle

Question 1

how many cattle related fatalities in canada were there between 2011-2020

Answer 1

15
2%

Question 2

how can we apply appropriate level of pressure and restraint

Answer 2

calm animals are easier to handle
reduce shrinkage at shipping, injuriies and stress-related disorders

Question 3

what is normal behaviour

Answer 3

strong herding behaviour
animals of prey
calm movements, curious/attentive towards surroundings

Question 4

how do we asses response reactions

Answer 4

flight zone and withdrawal movements

Question 5

what is a flight zone

Answer 5

shoulder area in a line of sight
that pushes the cow forward

Question 6

what tools are used to move animals

Answer 6

paddle sorting stick flag that extends
they dont hit or touch the animals they just extend a persons reach
electric prods are not in routine
forceful tail twist

Question 7

how do you properly apply the tail twist

Answer 7

1/3 or a way down twisting the tail up in an unnatural position causing them to step forward

Question 8

what happends if you dont release the tail

Answer 8

the tail could break
they wont learn to step forward

Question 9

what is the point of balance

Answer 9

imaginary point or line around the shoulders that the handeler uses to control the cow

Question 10

how do you read space

Answer 10

space between animals in a chute it ok and reflection of confort and non desire to bunch

Question 11

what is the black cave effect

Answer 11

caattle may refuse to enter a dark building

Question 12

what kind of flooring do you need

Answer 12

avoid slip flooring
prevent slipping from urination and defication
put matts down to prevent slipping
use also sand and shavings

Question 13

what may cause cattle to refuse to move

Answer 13

anything new will cause them to be stressed and cause them not to move
distractions

Question 15

what causes dangerous situations

Answer 15

bad habits
rush
overconfidence

Question 16

What type of aggressive behaviours are there

Answer 16

territorial/sex related
fear induced : confined or cornered animals that feel threatened
maternal
organic origin : irritable state elicited by a broad range of health issues
mock fighting - play behaviour to refine motor skills
intrumental aggression - reinforced

Question 17

what is the most agressive forms

Answer 17

mock fighting, instrumental aggression

Question 18

how do cattle show aggression

Answer 18

horns and head to charge
kick with hind legs to the side

Question 19

what causes aggression in farm species

Answer 19

mixing of unfamiliar animals
competition over food
spacial factors and over corwding
frutration fear and pain

Question 20

what indicates behaviour change

Answer 20

ear position
head and tail position
pawing the ground
erractic movements
tail flicking
bellowing - very loud in destress

Question 21

how to plan in advance in dangerous situations

Answer 21

dont put yourself in situations of risk
think of an exit route in advance
learn to read body language

Question 22

how to properly capture and contain

Answer 22

be patient and dont rush
work with another person
avoid quick movements and loud noises
plan an escape route
avoid leading cattle into an enclosed area (trailer)
never wrap or tie a lead rope around yourself

Question 23

what affiliative hehaviours do they show

Answer 23

allogrooming
allofeeding/food sharing
behaviour synchrony
spacial proximity

Question 24

what are affilitive behaviours

Answer 24

social interactions that function to reinforce social bonds with a group or which are of mutual benefit to all animals involved in the interaction

Question 25

what two things do you need for a hierarchy

Answer 25

memory and cognition
an order od individuals or groups of individuals in a social structure based on some ability or characteristics

Question 26

what is feeding frequency

Answer 26

more deliveries more stable consumption

Question 27

what is feed bunk managment

Answer 27

ad libitum, clean bunk restricted

Question 28

what is consistency of feeding

Answer 28

irregular schedules may cause aniamls to ingest larger quantities of feed during a short time

Question 29

what are the steps of male proceptive behaviours

Answer 29

detection - flehmen sign, pheromones, genital region
courtship - physical contact (kicks, headbutts and biting), vocolization, urination, salivation
verification - mounting attempts
mating and coital behaviour - mounting and clasping, intercourse and ejaculation

Question 30

what is refractory period

Answer 30

immediately following ejaculation during which the male is unresponsive to further stimulation

absolute - right after intercourse
relative - after a few minutes, renewed sexual interest and can engage in sexual activity

Question 31

what are female proceptive behaviours

Answer 31

showing receptivity and invitation
- pheromones
- behaviours: increased physical activity - walking sniffing flehman head butting chasing mountin
- restlessness
- decreased intake and milk production
- vocalizations
- willingness to accpet courtship and copulatory attempts
- immobility
sign of standing heat

Question 32

what is the importance of knowing reproductive behaviours

Answer 32

visual
activity monitors
teasers

Question 33

maternal behaviour before at and after birth

Answer 33

before: calving location, increased, separated from the herd
at: grooming bond, hiding calf, nursing
after: strength maternal bond, communication adn vocalization, lactation

Question 34

what is the difference between experienced mothers and inexperienced

Answer 34

more fearful of offspring
bonding and attachment slower
more reliant on sensory cues from the calf
more disturbed and distracted by the behaviou of others and environment

Question 35

what are accelerometers

Answer 35

cowmanager or sense hub
ear temperature, eating, ruminating, activity