before Hippocrates Flashcards
(27 cards)
pharmaka
- pharmacy or drugs in Greece
- women were known to be knowers of pharmaka and diseases: created a paranoia of women because they could poison their husbands or people in their family
divine retribution
disease was seen as divine retribution in that gods would put plagues upon villages or people for disobeying them
Podalairus and Machaon
- characters in the Iliad that could have been historical figures
- seen as healing heroes that get wounded, perform medical triage
- similar to Hemotep and Amentep
- become semi divine themselves
Miletus
- birthplace of the Greek miracle/ philosophy
- hub for material monists
- very wealthy of a city
- 6th century
Material Monists
- natural causation
- all describe nature without personifying nature as a god but rather personifying nature as the aspect itself
Thales
- one of the earliest philosophers (6th BCE)
- all things are water and flow like water
Anaximander
- everything is mathematical and limitless
Anaximenes
- all things are air
- basic physics changes were like air stages
Heraclitus
everything is made of fire
Emepdocles
- 490-430 BCE
- doctor, poet, philosopher
- legend about him curing a plague in a town which led him to becoming a divine character
- known for: theory of four elements, respiration through hollow tubes, sexual differentiation, preformationism
theory of the four elements
Water, earth, fire and air
Elemental change due to love and strife
Pre-formationism
Part of the limbs are located in the sperm and fuse with egg to form the entirety of a human
The Pythagoreans
Pythagorus: leader and mathematician
arche= all is number
Believed that everything had a mathematical structure and origin
Recognized that fevers had a certain mathematical pattern
- Numerology and periodicity of fevers
- Tertian and quartan patterns of fevers
Diet
Believed that flatulence could cause diseases so did not eat beans or meat
Kind of like a cult
Wanted the world to be structured and had a very strong following
Kos/Cos
- Island that Hippocrates came from
- Associated with the snake
- Very close to Turkey and therefore the material monists so exchange of ideas occurred here
Asclepiad
Hippocrates linked himself to Asclepius and named himself an asclepiad to help his reputation as a healer because Asclepius was the god of healing
-Temple to Asclepius built in 4th c BCE
Hippocrates
-Stole medical cures and knowledge from the temple of Asclepius and then burned it down
-Created the idea of clinics
-Legend: Hippocrates as a Hero
Hippocratic oath: “do no harm”
Hippocrates would not treat Persians because of warring times
Anonymous Londinensis
1st c CE
History of Medicine from Aristotle’s school
Gas and Breath cause diseases
Four Humor Theory
Four Humor Theory
- Four: Blood, Phlegm, Bile and Yellow Bile
- Common idea that food that entered body would cause diseases which was a similar idea to what the Egyptians believed
Hippocratic Corpus
-60 Texts
-Genuine Works
Written by Hippocrates and mainly dealt with basic medicine including fractures and sprains
-Works attributed to Polybus but written in the spirit of Hippocrates
The art of Medicine: response to the critics of medicine
Epidemics: study of diseases that affect large areas
Itinerant
- Doctors would travel to sick areas or place to place to treat people
- Did not have a specific location where ill people would come to be treated like a clinic
- Doctors learned to take in environmental factors when travelling
techne
- Science in the ancient world
- It was being argued whether medicine was a techne or not because it could be considered an art or craft
- Medicine was also very inconsistent so many believed it was not science
iatros
- Physician or doctor in Greek
- Anyone could claim the title of ‘Iatros’ because at the time a doctor did not have to be licensed
- Doctors also had competition between religious healers, nurses, philosophers and others who claimed they could heal them without license
- Doctors had to convince people that they were the best option
Hippocratic oath
- The oath reflected the anxieties doctors had of how they were viewed as well as their practice
- The oath swears to Apollo which in the divine world is a binding contract
- This was to relate to the patients that the doctors believed in the gods and that they operate within the religious norms
-Addresses fears of patients
Will not administer poison, pessary, not cut stone, won’t abuse power for sexual indulgences,
Kurios
Under the guardianship of another person
Women were under a kurios for all activities and any societal rights were regulated by the women’s kurios
This represents one of the marginalized societies in Greece