BEH 5023

Question 1

Concurrent ratio schedules result in ________

Answer 1

exclusive responding for the option with the highest payoff (lowest ratio requirement)

Question 2

Concurrent fixed interval schedules result in ________

Answer 2

most responding on the shorter FI schedule with occasional responses on the longer FI schedule

Question 3

Concurrent variable interval schedules results in _______

Answer 3

responding sensitive to the rate of reinforcement on each schedule

Question 4

On concurrent ____ schedules, the changeover response is often reinforced, generating 50/50 responding (concurrent superstition)

Answer 4

VI VI

Question 5

Generally, bx change is more effective when ____ schedules are used

Answer 5

VI

Question 6

A stimulus or event that has the effect of increasing or maintaining the rate of the response based on a conditioning history

Answer 6

conditioned reinforcer

Question 7

A biologically relevant stimulus or event that has a reinforcing effect without any conditioning history

Answer 7

unconditioned reinforcer

Question 8

Two or more simple schedules, each of which is presented sequentially and is signaled by an arbitrary stimulus. Only the final response in the chain produces an unconditioned reinforcer.

Answer 8

Chain schedule

Question 9

Two or more simple schedules presented sequentially without unique Sds and ending with unconditioned reinforcement of the response

Answer 9

tandem schedule

Question 10

State the difference between mixed and tandem schedules

Answer 10

Tandem - SR+ presented at the end of the sequence

Mixed - SR+ is presented after each component of the schedule is completed

Question 11

List 3 determinants of conditioned reinforcement:

• F___________
• V___________
• D__________

Answer 11

• frequency of primary reinforcement
• variability of primary reinforcement
• delay to primary reinforcement

Question 12

Two or more chain schedules presented simultaneously

Answer 12

Concurrent chains schedule

Question 13

A special type of stimulus control where the Sd is a bx of an individual and the target response is topographically similar to the Sd

Answer 13

Correspondence relations

Question 14

An imitative response that occurs some time after the model has been removed

Answer 14

Delayed imitation

Question 15

Operant principles of discrimination and generalization can produce a stimulus class of modeled actions and a response class of imitative actions

Answer 15

generalized imitation

Question 16

Learning that imitation is reinforced in some contexts (when the model was rewarded), but not in others (when the model was punished)

Answer 16

Differential imitation

Question 17

Verbal responses that describe the operating contingencies of reinforcement such as rules, instructions, advice, and laws

Answer 17

contingency-specifying stimuli

Question 18

When a listener’s (reader’s) performance is regulated by contingency-specifying stimuli

Answer 18

rule-governed bx

Question 19

An operant that precedes some other response (such as setting an alarm)

Answer 19

precurrent bx

Question 20

A major function of precurrent bx is the _________ ______ _________

Answer 20

construction of Sds

Question 21

Contingency-shaped behavior is controlled by _______ ________ rather than _______ _______

Answer 21

operating contingencies, verbal rules

Question 22

Rules are a type of ______, so the controlling reinforcers are ______ _______ with rule following

Answer 22

Sd, past experience

Question 23

Stimuli/events that alter the function of other stimuli and, thereby, the strength of relations among these stimuli and behavior

Answer 23

Function-altering events

Question 24

Instructions can be ______ _______ events by establishing Sds and increasing the probability of certain responses

Answer 24

function-altering

Question 25

Two verbal stimuli exert stimulus control over a common verbal topography

Answer 25

Joint control

Question 26

The performance of a speaker and the environmental conditions that establish and maintain such performance

Answer 26

verbal behavior

Question 27

Verbal behavior - The performance of a ________ and the _________ _________ that establish and maintain such performance

Answer 27

speaker, environmental conditions

Question 28

Verbal behavior is concerned with the _______ of words

Answer 28

function

Question 29

_________ evolution, not ________ evolution, accounts for changes in verbal behavior

Answer 29

cultural, biological

Question 30

Linguists describe language in terms of ______, ______, and _______

Answer 30

vocabulary, syntax, meaning

Question 31

Within- and between-species cooperation came _______ the development of the vocal tract

Answer 31

before

Question 32

Verbal bx _______ on the listener, reader, or observer, who ________ arranges for reinforcement of the verbal performance in a particular setting

Answer 32

operates, indirectly

Question 33

The consequences of verbal bx are ________ by the actions of others

Answer 33

mediated

Question 34

The customary ways that a group of people reinforce the bx of a speaker

Answer 34

verbal community

Question 35

Verbal bx is established and maintained by the _______ ________ of the community and these practices change based on ______ _______

Answer 35

reinforcing practices, cultural evolution

Question 36

The verbal community reinforces us when our bx _______ with other aspects of the environment

Answer 36

corresponds

Question 37

Linguists say we ______ and ______ meaning with syntax and semantics

Answer 37

encode, decode

Question 38

Saying “I worked really hard” to explain an exemplary performance, but “The audience was tough” to explain a poor performance

Answer 38

self-serving bias

Question 39

A class of verbal operants whose form is regulated by EOs

Answer 39

manding

Question 40

A class of verbal operants whose form is regulated by nonverbal Sds and maintained by generalized conditioned reinforcement

Answer 40

tacting

Question 41

The idea that the development and maintenance of two or more operant classes are unrelated

Answer 41

functional independence

Question 42

Whenever an event or stimulus is required to complete a bx chain, withholding the event will establish it as a reinforcer for operant bx

Answer 42

blocked-response CEO

Question 43

Lamarre and _______ (1985) demonstrated functional independence of tacting and manding

Answer 43

Holland ("on the left/right")

Question 44

A class of verbal operants regulated by verbal discriminative stimuli

Answer 44

intraverbal

Question 45

Occurs when there is (1) point-to-point correspondence between the stimulus and response and (2) when the response is in the same modality as the stimulus (formal similarity)

Answer 45

echoic bx

Question 46

A class of verbal operants regulated by verbal stimuli where there is correspondence between the stimulus and response, but no formal similarity

Answer 46

textual

Question 47

A form of verbal bx that modifies the consequence produced by other verbal responses

Answer 47

autoclitic relations

Question 48

List 5 classes of autoclitic relations: - d_________ - q_________ - q_________ - m_________ - r__________

Answer 48

Descriptive – describe emotions and circumstances (I doubt, I’m sorry to say, I’m happy to announce) Qualifying – provide evaluative dimensions (He is like a bear, but cuddly, not mean) Quantifying – provide quantitative dimensions (all dogs are amazing) Manipulative – direct the listener to arrange or relate their reactions to the verbal response in a particular way. They may be viewed as a type of autoclitic mand. Relational – provides relationship variables ( the ones above a 5 are good, the rest are not)

Question 49

Petersdottir (2005) used 4 step assembly tasks to test functional independence of mands and tacts and found...

Answer 49

after mand training, all children emitted tact responses

Question 50

Hall & Sundberg (1987) used the ________ to teach manding by deaf subjects

Answer 50

blocked response CEO - taught chains and then removed a needed item

Question 51

Savage-Rumbaugh (1984) studied manding and tacting in _______

Answer 51

chimps