Behavioral Science

Question 1

What is the definition of behaviorism?

Answer 1

Behaviorism is a psychological approach that emphasizes the study of observable behaviors and the role of the environment in shaping behavior.

Question 2

True or False: Cognitive dissonance refers to the mental discomfort experienced when holding two or more contradictory beliefs.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The ________ is the part of the brain associated with emotional responses.

Answer 3

amygdala

Question 4

What is the primary focus of social psychology?

Answer 4

Social psychology focuses on how individuals influence and are influenced by others in social contexts.

Question 5

Which psychological perspective emphasizes the importance of unconscious processes?

Answer 5

Psychoanalytic perspective

Question 6

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a key concept in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

Answer 6

Self-actualization

Question 7

What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?

Answer 7

Intrinsic motivation comes from within the individual, while extrinsic motivation is driven by external rewards or outcomes.

Question 8

True or False: The bystander effect refers to the phenomenon where individuals are less likely to help a victim when other people are present.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What is the term for the tendency to attribute our successes to internal factors and our failures to external factors?

Answer 9

Self-serving bias

Question 10

Fill in the blank: __________ is the process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions.

Answer 10

Perception

Question 11

What is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)?

Answer 11

Cognitive behavioral therapy is a type of psychotherapy that focuses on changing unhelpful cognitive distortions and behaviors.

Question 12

Multiple Choice: What is the main goal of classical conditioning?

Answer 12

To create an association between a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus.

Question 13

What does the term ‘groupthink’ refer to?

Answer 13

Groupthink is a psychological phenomenon where the desire for harmony in a decision-making group leads to irrational or dysfunctional outcomes.

Question 14

True or False: The anchoring effect is a cognitive bias that influences decision-making based on the first piece of information encountered.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What is the role of the prefrontal cortex in decision-making?

Answer 15

The prefrontal cortex is involved in complex cognitive behavior, decision-making, and moderating social behavior.

Question 16

Fill in the blank: __________ is the psychological phenomenon where individuals conform to the opinions or behaviors of a group.

Answer 16

Conformity

Question 17

What is the definition of social facilitation?

Answer 17

Social facilitation is the tendency for people to perform differently when in the presence of others than when alone.

Question 18

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of attachment identified by Ainsworth?

Answer 18

Indifferent attachment

Question 19

What is the primary function of the hippocampus?

Answer 19

The hippocampus is primarily responsible for the formation of new memories and spatial navigation.

Question 20

True or False: The placebo effect refers to the phenomenon where individuals experience improvements in their condition due to their belief in the treatment rather than the treatment itself.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research methods?

Answer 21

Qualitative research methods focus on understanding subjective experiences, while quantitative research methods involve numerical data and statistical analysis.

Question 22

Fill in the blank: __________ refers to the psychological theory that suggests that behavior is motivated by the desire to achieve or avoid certain outcomes.

Answer 22

Expectancy theory

Question 23

What is the function of the superego in Freud’s theory of personality?

Answer 23

The superego acts as the moral compass, incorporating the values and norms of society.

Question 24

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of a negative reinforcement?

Answer 24

Taking painkillers to eliminate pain.

Question 25

What is the concept of 'flow' in psychology?

Answer 25

Flow is a mental state of deep immersion and engagement in an activity, often leading to high levels of creativity and productivity.

Question 26

True or False: The fundamental attribution error refers to the tendency to overemphasize personality traits in explaining others' behaviors while underestimating situational factors.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

What is the definition of a schema?

Answer 27

A schema is a cognitive framework that helps organize and interpret information.

Question 28

Fill in the blank: __________ is the process by which we learn behaviors through observing others.

Answer 28

Observational learning

Question 29

What is the definition of operant conditioning?

Answer 29

Operant conditioning is a learning process through which the strength of a behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment.

Question 30

Multiple Choice: What is a common effect of stress on the body?

Answer 30

Increased heart rate

Question 31

What is the term for the phenomenon where the presence of others decreases an individual's effort in a group task?

Answer 31

Social loafing

Question 32

True or False: Emotional intelligence is the ability to identify, understand, and manage one's own emotions and the emotions of others.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

What is the primary focus of developmental psychology?

Answer 33

Developmental psychology studies how people grow and change throughout their lifespan.

Question 34

Fill in the blank: The __________ is a brain structure involved in regulating emotions and forming memories.

Answer 34

limbic system

Question 35

What is the definition of self-efficacy?

Answer 35

Self-efficacy is the belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task.

Question 36

Multiple Choice: Which of the following best describes the 'bystander effect'?

Answer 36

People are less likely to help a victim when there are other witnesses present.

Question 37

What is the term for a psychological disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest?

Answer 37

Depression

Question 38

True or False: A heuristic is a mental shortcut that allows people to solve problems and make judgments quickly.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

What is the primary purpose of the DSM-5?

Answer 39

The DSM-5 is used for diagnosing and classifying mental disorders.

Question 40

Fill in the blank: __________ is a cognitive bias where people believe that past events were more predictable than they actually were.

Answer 40

Hindsight bias

Question 41

What is the term for the psychological phenomenon where individuals feel a sense of responsibility to take action in an emergency?

Answer 41

Diffusion of responsibility

Question 42

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a key component of the biopsychosocial model?

Answer 42

Biological, psychological, and social factors

Question 43

What is the definition of mindfulness?

Answer 43

Mindfulness is the practice of being fully present and engaged in the current moment, without judgment.

Question 44

True or False: A phobia is an irrational fear of a specific object or situation.

Answer 44

True

Question 45

What is the term for the process of attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to others?

Answer 45

Projection

Question 46

Fill in the blank: __________ is a method of therapy that emphasizes the importance of the therapeutic relationship.

Answer 46

Humanistic therapy

Question 47

What is the definition of a mental disorder?

Answer 47

A mental disorder is a condition characterized by alterations in thinking, mood, or behavior associated with distress or impaired functioning.

Question 48

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of a social norm?

Answer 48

Shaking hands when greeting someone

Question 49

What is the term for the psychological phenomenon where people conform to the majority opinion to avoid social rejection?

Answer 49

Normative social influence

Question 50

True or False: The cognitive approach in psychology focuses on the study of thoughts and mental processes.

Answer 50

True

Question 51

What is the definition of resilience?

Answer 51

Resilience is the ability to adapt well in the face of adversity, trauma, or stress.

Question 52

Fill in the blank: __________ refers to the tendency for people to believe that they are better than average at various skills.

Answer 52

Illusory superiority

Question 53

What is the term for the psychological phenomenon where a person feels a strong emotional connection to a group?

Answer 53

In-group bias

Question 54

Multiple Choice: Which of the following best describes the term 'cognitive bias'?

Answer 54

Systematic patterns of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment.

Question 55

What is the definition of altruism?

Answer 55

Altruism is the selfless concern for the well-being of others.

Question 56

True or False: The mere exposure effect refers to the tendency to develop a preference for things merely because they are familiar.

Answer 56

True

Question 57

What is the term for the psychological phenomenon where people are more likely to conform when they feel they are being observed?

Answer 57

Public conformity

Question 58

Fill in the blank: The __________ is a psychological theory that explains how individuals interpret and respond to social stimuli.

Answer 58

social cognition theory

Question 59

What is the definition of attachment theory?

Answer 59

Attachment theory is a psychological framework that describes the dynamics of long-term relationships between humans.

Question 60

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a type of reinforcement in operant conditioning?

Answer 60

Positive reinforcement

Question 61

What is the term for the mental process of organizing and interpreting sensory information?

Answer 61

Sensation

Question 62

True or False: The term 'subliminal messaging' refers to communication that occurs below the threshold of conscious awareness.

Answer 62

True

Question 63

What is the definition of the term 'cognitive load'?

Answer 63

Cognitive load refers to the amount of mental effort being used in the working memory.

Question 64

Fill in the blank: __________ is a state of mental and emotional exhaustion caused by prolonged stress.

Answer 64

Burnout