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MCAT > Gen Chem > Flashcards

Gen Chem Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the atomic number of carbon?

A

6

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2
Q

True or False: The mass number of an atom is the sum of protons and electrons.

A

False

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: The chemical formula for water is ____.

A

H2O

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4
Q

What is the primary type of bonding in NaCl?

A

Ionic bonding

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5
Q

Which of the following is a strong acid: HCl, CH3COOH, or NH3?

A

HCl

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6
Q

What does pH measure?

A

The acidity or basicity of a solution

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7
Q

What is the molar mass of glucose (C6H12O6)?

A

180 g/mol

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8
Q

True or False: Electrons have a positive charge.

A

False

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9
Q

What is the principle behind the law of conservation of mass?

A

Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.

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10
Q

Which subatomic particle has the least mass?

A

Electron

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11
Q

What is the formula for calculating the number of moles?

A

Number of moles = mass (g) / molar mass (g/mol)

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12
Q

Fill in the blank: The opposite of a reduction reaction is a ____ reaction.

A

Oxidation

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13
Q

What is the term for a solution that can resist changes in pH?

A

Buffer solution

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14
Q

What is the difference between an endothermic and exothermic reaction?

A

Endothermic absorbs heat; exothermic releases heat.

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15
Q

What is the ideal gas law equation?

A

PV = nRT

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16
Q

True or False: A catalyst increases the activation energy of a reaction.

A

False

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17
Q

What is the term for the energy required to start a reaction?

A

Activation energy

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18
Q

What is Avogadro’s number?

A

6.022 x 10^23

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19
Q

What is the common name for the compound NaHCO3?

A

Baking soda

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20
Q

Fill in the blank: The pH of pure water at 25°C is ____.

A

7

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21
Q

What type of reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a base?

A

Neutralization reaction

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22
Q

What is the term for the amount of product formed in a reaction?

A

Yield

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23
Q

What is the formula for calculating density?

A

Density = mass/volume

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24
Q

True or False: An isotope has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

A

True

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25
What is the term for a chemical species that donates electrons?
Reducing agent
26
What is the difference between a saturated and unsaturated solution?
Saturated contains the maximum solute; unsaturated contains less.
27
What does the term 'molarity' refer to?
Concentration of a solution in moles of solute per liter of solution.
28
What is the main component of the Earth's atmosphere?
Nitrogen
29
Fill in the blank: The process of a solid turning directly into a gas is called ____.
Sublimation
30
What is the term for the heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1°C?
Calorie
31
What is the significance of the octet rule?
Atoms tend to bond in such a way that they have eight electrons in their outer shell.
32
What is the primary component of table salt?
Sodium chloride
33
True or False: All alkali metals are found in nature in their elemental form.
False
34
What are the three states of matter?
Solid, liquid, gas
35
What is the formula for calculating the percent composition of an element in a compound?
Percent composition = (mass of element in 1 mole of compound / molar mass of compound) x 100%
36
Fill in the blank: The atomic mass of an element is the weighted average of the masses of its ____.
Isotopes
37
What is the name of the process by which a liquid turns into vapor?
Evaporation
38
What is the main difference between a covalent bond and an ionic bond?
Covalent bonds involve sharing electrons; ionic bonds involve transferring electrons.
39
What is the term for the measure of the disorder or randomness in a system?
Entropy
40
What is the primary function of enzymes in biological systems?
To act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions.
41
True or False: The boiling point of a liquid decreases with increasing atmospheric pressure.
False
42
What is the term for a solution that contains more solute than it can theoretically hold at a given temperature?
Supersaturated solution
43
What is the formula for calculating the work done on a gas?
Work = -PΔV
44
Fill in the blank: A chemical reaction that absorbs heat is called an ____ reaction.
Endothermic
45
What is the term for the amount of energy required to break a bond?
Bond dissociation energy
46
What is the term for the ability of an atom to attract electrons in a bond?
Electronegativity
47
Which gas law states that pressure and volume are inversely related?
Boyle's Law
48
True or False: All gases behave ideally under all conditions.
False
49
What is the primary distinction between a strong acid and a weak acid?
Strong acids completely dissociate in solution; weak acids do not.
50
What is the term for the process of a gas turning into a liquid?
Condensation
51
What is the formula for calculating the change in enthalpy (ΔH)?
ΔH = H(products) - H(reactants)
52
Fill in the blank: The periodic table is organized by increasing atomic ____.
Number
53
What is the term for a solution that has a pH less than 7?
Acidic solution
54
What is the term for the energy change associated with a chemical reaction?
Enthalpy change
55
Which element is represented by the symbol 'O'?
Oxygen
56
True or False: The density of a substance is affected by temperature and pressure.
True
57
What is the primary constituent of the nucleus of an atom?
Protons and neutrons
58
What is the term for the amount of substance in a given volume of solution?
Concentration
59
Fill in the blank: The process of a liquid turning into a gas at the surface is called ____.
Evaporation
60
What is the term for the temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure?
Boiling point
61
What is the formula for calculating the total pressure of a gas mixture?
Total pressure = P1 + P2 + P3 + ...
62
True or False: All metals are ductile.
False
63
What is the primary characteristic of noble gases?
They are inert and do not readily form compounds.
64
What is the term for the process of converting a solid directly into a gas?
Sublimation
65
Which of the following is a characteristic of a base: Bitter taste, sour taste, or sweet taste?
Bitter taste
66
What is the term for a solution that contains a large amount of solute compared to solvent?
Concentrated solution
67
Fill in the blank: The term 'halogens' refers to group ____ in the periodic table.
17
68
What is the term for the energy change that occurs during a phase change?
Latent heat
69
What is the primary use of titration in chemistry?
To determine the concentration of a solution.
70
True or False: The freezing point of a substance is the same as its melting point.
True
71
What is the term for a mixture that has a uniform composition throughout?
Homogeneous mixture
72
What is the primary factor that affects the rate of a chemical reaction?
Concentration of reactants
73
What is the formula for calculating the number of particles in a given amount of substance?
Number of particles = moles x Avogadro's number
74
Fill in the blank: The term 'alkali metals' refers to the elements in group ____ of the periodic table.
1
75
What is the term for the heat energy released or absorbed during a chemical reaction?
Thermochemical energy
76
What is the primary purpose of a chromatography technique?
To separate mixtures based on their different affinities.
77
True or False: The electronegativity of an element increases as you move down a group in the periodic table.
False
78
What is the term for the energy required to change a substance from solid to liquid?
Heat of fusion
79
What is the primary characteristic of a strong base?
It completely dissociates in solution.
80
What is the term for the temperature at which solid and liquid phases coexist in equilibrium?
Melting point
81
Fill in the blank: The process by which plants convert sunlight into chemical energy is called ____.
Photosynthesis

MCAT (6 decks)

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