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Kaplan Books > Behavioral Science > Flashcards

Behavioral Science Flashcards

1
Q

formula for incidence rate

A

new cases/ population at risk

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2
Q

prevalence

A

all cases/ population at risk

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3
Q

point prevalence

A

all known cases of disease at certain point/total population at risk

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4
Q

crude mortality rate

A

deaths / populaitno

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5
Q

cause specific mortality rate

A

deaths from a cause/ population

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6
Q

case fatality rate

A

deaths from a cause/ all people with disease

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7
Q

proportion mortality rate

A

deaths from cause / all deaths

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8
Q

sensitivity

A

proportion of truly diseased people

Tp/(Tp+Fn)

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9
Q

false negative rate

A

1-sensitivity

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10
Q

specificity

A

people who do not have the disease

TN/(TN+FP)

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11
Q

false positive rate

A

1-specificity

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12
Q

positive predictive value

A

the person with a positive test really does have the disease

TP/(TP+FP)

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13
Q

negative predictive value

A

probability that someone with a negative test is a true negative
TN/(TN+FN)

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14
Q

formula for accuracy

A

(TP+TN)/(TP+TN+FP+FN)

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15
Q

reliability

A

the ability of a test to measure something consistently

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16
Q

validity

A

degree to which a test measure what is intended

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17
Q

selection bais

A

the sample selected doesn’t accurately represent the population

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18
Q

measurement bias

A

information is gathered in a way that distorts the information (using leading questions )

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19
Q

Hawthorne effect

A

when the subjects behavior is altered because they know they are being watched

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20
Q

experimenter expectancy (Pygmalion Effect)

A

the experimenters expectations are inadvertently communicated to the subjects who then give the desired effects

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21
Q

Lead time bias

A

give a false estimate of survival rates (early detection is confused with increased survival rates)

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22
Q

recall bias

A

subject fails to accurately recall events in the past

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23
Q

late look bias

A

individuals with severe diseases are less likely to be uncovered in a survey because they die first

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24
Q

confounding bias

A

factor being examined is related to other factors of less interest (example: comparing exercise and heart disease in two populations when one population is younger then the other )

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25
Q

design bias

A

parts of the study don’t fit together to answer the question of interest

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26
Q

cohort study

A

people who have been exposed to a risk factor versus those who have not

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27
Q

cross sectional study

A

presence or abscens of a disease and other variables

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28
Q

relative risk `

A

incidence rate of an exposed group divided by the incidence rate of an unexposed group (infant mortality in whites is 8 and in blacks its 18, divid 18 by 8 and get 2, blacks are twice as likely to die)

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29
Q

attributable risk

A

exposed group minus the unexposed group

30
Q

odds ratio (used to measure case-control)

A

odds of the exposure for cases divided by odds of exposure for controls
(odds that a person with lung cancer was a smoker versus a person with lung cancer that wasn’t a smoker)

31
Q

mean

A

average of the numbers

32
Q

median

A

the middle point

33
Q

mode

A

most frequently occurring number

34
Q

what does the null hypothesis state

A

that the findings of the study are of random factors and chance

35
Q

smaller p values are more?

A

significant

36
Q

if p is

A

reject it

37
Q

rejecting the null hypothesis when you shouldn’t (p>0.05)

A

type 2 B error

38
Q

Not rejecting the null hypothesis when you should (p

A

type 1 error

39
Q

id

A

animalistic instinctive urges, sex, aggression, primary processes

40
Q

ego

A

rational and language based executors linking to reality

41
Q

superego

A

the conscience and moral compass. insist on social acceptable behavior

42
Q

person attributes his wishes and desires or emotions to someone else.
a man who cheated on his wife is convinced that his wife is cheating on him

A

projection

43
Q

people or things in the world are either all good or all bad

A

splitting

44
Q

temporary block in thinking or an inability to remember

Mr. J you are suffering from…. i can’t remember what its called)

A

blocking

45
Q

returning to an earlier age of development (Acting childish)

A

regression

46
Q

psychic derivatives are converted into bodily symptoms.

Getting a headache while taking a test

A

somatization

47
Q

features of the external world are taken in and made part of the self (identification)

A resident dresses and acts like the attending doctor

A

introjection

48
Q

changing the target of an emotion

a man who is angry at his boss pounds on his desk

A

displacement

49
Q

an idea or feeling is eliminated from conscious

a child who was abused by mom and was treated for the abuse now has no memory of mistreatment from the mother

A

repression

50
Q

reality is accepted but without the expected human emotional response to that reality

a child who has been beaten discusses the beatings without any splay of emotion

A

isolation of effect

51
Q

affect is gone and replaced with an excessive use of intellectual processes

A

intellectualization

52
Q

massive emotional or behavioral outburst to cover up underlying feelings or idea

” Whistling in the dark” hides the underlying fear

A

acting out

53
Q

rational explanations are used to justify attitudes, believes or behaviors that are not acceptable

Yes i believe killing is wrong, but i killed him because he really really deserved it

A

rationalization

54
Q

an unacceptable impulse is turned into the opposite

Two coworkers fight all the time because they are actually attracted to each other

A

Reaction Formation

55
Q

acting out the reverse of an unacceptable behavior

a man who is sexually aroused by another woman goes home and buys flowers for his wife

A

undoing

56
Q

separates self from ones experience

a woman who was rapes reports as if she watched it happen to herself

A

dissociation

57
Q

impulse gratification is achieved by channeling the unacceptable or unattainable impulse into a socially acceptable direction.

man who is attracted to a female associate becomes her mentor

A

sublimation

58
Q

conscious decision to postpone attention to an impulse or conflict

student decides to forget about a test to go have fun on Friday

A

suppression

59
Q

treatment for narcoplepsy

A

Modafinil
Gamma Hydroxybutyrate (redues daytime sleepiness)
antidepressants

60
Q

bruxism occurs in what stage

A

2

61
Q

tx for bed wetting

A

desmopressin or imipramine

62
Q

tx for sleep walking

A

benzodiapeine

63
Q

bizarre delusions, blunted affect, hallucinations and disturbance in behavior

> 6 mos
1 to 30 days

A

schizophrenia
schizophreniform
brief psychotic disorder

64
Q

positive schizophrenia symptoms are associated with what receptors

A

DA

65
Q

negative schizophrenia symptoms are associated with what receptors

A

muscarinic

66
Q

what are two drugs that block the NMDA pathway and can cause negative and positive psychotic symptoms

A

Phencyclidine and Ketamine

67
Q

mild alternation between depression and elation

A

cyclothymia

68
Q

major alteration between depression and elation

A

bipolar (manic depression)

69
Q

major depression plus hypomanic episodes

A

bipolar 2

70
Q

manic and major depression episodes

A

bipolar 1

Kaplan Books (4 decks)

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