Behavioral Science

Question 1

formula for incidence rate

Answer 1

new cases/ population at risk

Question 2

prevalence

Answer 2

all cases/ population at risk

Question 3

point prevalence

Answer 3

all known cases of disease at certain point/total population at risk

Question 4

crude mortality rate

Answer 4

deaths / populaitno

Question 5

cause specific mortality rate

Answer 5

deaths from a cause/ population

Question 6

case fatality rate

Answer 6

deaths from a cause/ all people with disease

Question 7

proportion mortality rate

Answer 7

deaths from cause / all deaths

Question 8

sensitivity

Answer 8

proportion of truly diseased people

Tp/(Tp+Fn)

Question 9

false negative rate

Answer 9

1-sensitivity

Question 10

specificity

Answer 10

people who do not have the disease

TN/(TN+FP)

Question 11

false positive rate

Answer 11

1-specificity

Question 12

positive predictive value

Answer 12

the person with a positive test really does have the disease

TP/(TP+FP)

Question 13

negative predictive value

Answer 13

probability that someone with a negative test is a true negative
TN/(TN+FN)

Question 14

formula for accuracy

Answer 14

(TP+TN)/(TP+TN+FP+FN)

Question 15

reliability

Answer 15

the ability of a test to measure something consistently

Question 16

validity

Answer 16

degree to which a test measure what is intended

Question 17

selection bais

Answer 17

the sample selected doesn’t accurately represent the population

Question 18

measurement bias

Answer 18

information is gathered in a way that distorts the information (using leading questions )

Question 19

Hawthorne effect

Answer 19

when the subjects behavior is altered because they know they are being watched

Question 20

experimenter expectancy (Pygmalion Effect)

Answer 20

the experimenters expectations are inadvertently communicated to the subjects who then give the desired effects

Question 21

Lead time bias

Answer 21

give a false estimate of survival rates (early detection is confused with increased survival rates)

Question 22

recall bias

Answer 22

subject fails to accurately recall events in the past

Question 23

late look bias

Answer 23

individuals with severe diseases are less likely to be uncovered in a survey because they die first

Question 24

confounding bias

Answer 24

factor being examined is related to other factors of less interest (example: comparing exercise and heart disease in two populations when one population is younger then the other )

Question 25

design bias

Answer 25

parts of the study don't fit together to answer the question of interest

Question 26

cohort study

Answer 26

people who have been exposed to a risk factor versus those who have not

Question 27

cross sectional study

Answer 27

presence or abscens of a disease and other variables

Question 28

relative risk `

Answer 28

incidence rate of an exposed group divided by the incidence rate of an unexposed group (infant mortality in whites is 8 and in blacks its 18, divid 18 by 8 and get 2, blacks are twice as likely to die)

Question 29

attributable risk

Answer 29

exposed group minus the unexposed group

Question 30

odds ratio (used to measure case-control)

Answer 30

odds of the exposure for cases divided by odds of exposure for controls (odds that a person with lung cancer was a smoker versus a person with lung cancer that wasn't a smoker)

Question 31

mean

Answer 31

average of the numbers

Question 32

median

Answer 32

the middle point

Question 33

mode

Answer 33

most frequently occurring number

Question 34

what does the null hypothesis state

Answer 34

that the findings of the study are of random factors and chance

Question 35

smaller p values are more?

Answer 35

significant

Question 36

if p is

Answer 36

reject it

Question 37

rejecting the null hypothesis when you shouldn't (p>0.05)

Answer 37

type 2 B error

Question 38

Not rejecting the null hypothesis when you should (p

Answer 38

type 1 error

Question 39

id

Answer 39

animalistic instinctive urges, sex, aggression, primary processes

Question 40

ego

Answer 40

rational and language based executors linking to reality

Question 41

superego

Answer 41

the conscience and moral compass. insist on social acceptable behavior

Question 42

person attributes his wishes and desires or emotions to someone else. a man who cheated on his wife is convinced that his wife is cheating on him

Answer 42

projection

Question 43

people or things in the world are either all good or all bad

Answer 43

splitting

Question 44

temporary block in thinking or an inability to remember Mr. J you are suffering from.... i can't remember what its called)

Answer 44

blocking

Question 45

returning to an earlier age of development (Acting childish)

Answer 45

regression

Question 46

psychic derivatives are converted into bodily symptoms. Getting a headache while taking a test

Answer 46

somatization

Question 47

features of the external world are taken in and made part of the self (identification) A resident dresses and acts like the attending doctor

Answer 47

introjection

Question 48

changing the target of an emotion a man who is angry at his boss pounds on his desk

Answer 48

displacement

Question 49

an idea or feeling is eliminated from conscious a child who was abused by mom and was treated for the abuse now has no memory of mistreatment from the mother

Answer 49

repression

Question 50

reality is accepted but without the expected human emotional response to that reality a child who has been beaten discusses the beatings without any splay of emotion

Answer 50

isolation of effect

Question 51

affect is gone and replaced with an excessive use of intellectual processes

Answer 51

intellectualization

Question 52

massive emotional or behavioral outburst to cover up underlying feelings or idea " Whistling in the dark" hides the underlying fear

Answer 52

acting out

Question 53

rational explanations are used to justify attitudes, believes or behaviors that are not acceptable Yes i believe killing is wrong, but i killed him because he really really deserved it

Answer 53

rationalization

Question 54

an unacceptable impulse is turned into the opposite Two coworkers fight all the time because they are actually attracted to each other

Answer 54

Reaction Formation

Question 55

acting out the reverse of an unacceptable behavior a man who is sexually aroused by another woman goes home and buys flowers for his wife

Answer 55

undoing

Question 56

separates self from ones experience a woman who was rapes reports as if she watched it happen to herself

Answer 56

dissociation

Question 57

impulse gratification is achieved by channeling the unacceptable or unattainable impulse into a socially acceptable direction. man who is attracted to a female associate becomes her mentor

Answer 57

sublimation

Question 58

conscious decision to postpone attention to an impulse or conflict student decides to forget about a test to go have fun on Friday

Answer 58

suppression

Question 59

treatment for narcoplepsy

Answer 59

Modafinil Gamma Hydroxybutyrate (redues daytime sleepiness) antidepressants

Question 60

bruxism occurs in what stage

Answer 60

2

Question 61

tx for bed wetting

Answer 61

desmopressin or imipramine

Question 62

tx for sleep walking

Answer 62

benzodiapeine

Question 63

bizarre delusions, blunted affect, hallucinations and disturbance in behavior >6 mos 1 to 30 days

Answer 63

schizophrenia schizophreniform brief psychotic disorder

Question 64

positive schizophrenia symptoms are associated with what receptors

Answer 64

DA

Question 65

negative schizophrenia symptoms are associated with what receptors

Answer 65

muscarinic

Question 66

what are two drugs that block the NMDA pathway and can cause negative and positive psychotic symptoms

Answer 66

Phencyclidine and Ketamine

Question 67

mild alternation between depression and elation

Answer 67

cyclothymia

Question 68

major alteration between depression and elation

Answer 68

bipolar (manic depression)

Question 69

major depression plus hypomanic episodes

Answer 69

bipolar 2

Question 70

manic and major depression episodes

Answer 70

bipolar 1