Behaviour Therapy and Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy Counselling Approaches

Question 1

Who are the founders of Behaviour Therapy?

Answer 1

B.F. Skinner and Albert Bandura.

Question 2

What are the four periods of development in Behaviour Therapy?

Answer 2

Classical conditioning, operant conditioning, social-cognitive theory, and cognitive-behavioural therapy.

Question 3

What is the main focus of Behaviour Therapy?

Answer 3

Observable behaviours and the determinants of behaviours.

Question 4

What is the goal of Behaviour Therapy?

Answer 4

To increase clients’ personal choice and establish new conditions for learning.

Question 5

What is the ABC model in Behaviour Therapy?

Answer 5

A (Antecedent) – Events preceding behaviour, B (Behaviour) – Problematic behaviour, C (Consequence) – Events following behaviour.

Question 6

What is positive reinforcement?

Answer 6

Adding something desirable to increase a targeted behaviour.

Question 7

What is negative reinforcement?

Answer 7

Removing something unpleasant to increase a targeted behaviour.

Question 8

What is positive punishment?

Answer 8

Adding something unpleasant to decrease an undesirable behaviour.

Question 9

What is negative punishment?

Answer 9

Removing something desirable to decrease an undesirable behaviour.

Question 10

Who developed systematic desensitization?

Answer 10

Joseph Wolpe.

Question 11

What is systematic desensitization?

Answer 11

A technique using relaxation and gradual exposure to anxiety-provoking stimuli to reduce anxiety.

Question 12

What is flooding in Behaviour Therapy?

Answer 12

A prolonged exposure to anxiety-provoking stimuli without avoidance to reduce fear response.

Question 13

What is in vivo exposure?

Answer 13

Exposing clients to real-life anxiety-provoking situations progressively while remaining relaxed.

Question 14

What is imaginal exposure?

Answer 14

Clients imagine anxiety-provoking situations to reduce fear response.

Question 15

Who developed progressive muscle relaxation?

Answer 15

Edmund Jacobson.

Question 16

What is progressive muscle relaxation?

Answer 16

A technique that involves systematically tensing and relaxing muscles to reduce stress and anxiety.

Question 17

What is the role of social skills training in Behaviour Therapy?

Answer 17

To help clients acquire and improve interpersonal skills.

Question 18

What is self-management in Behaviour Therapy?

Answer 18

Teaching clients to manage their behaviours independently using goal-setting and self-monitoring.

Question 19

What is the main concept of Rational-Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT)?

Answer 19

People contribute to their psychological problems through rigid and extreme beliefs about events.

Question 20

What is the A-B-C framework in REBT?

Answer 20

A (Activating event), B (Beliefs about the event), C (Consequences – emotional and behavioural reactions).

Question 21

What is the goal of REBT?

Answer 21

To help clients replace irrational beliefs with rational ones to facilitate emotional and behavioural changes.

Question 22

Who founded REBT?

Answer 22

Albert Ellis.

Question 23

What are some cognitive methods used in REBT?

Answer 23

Disputing irrational beliefs, cognitive homework, bibliotherapy, changing language, psychoeducation.

Question 24

What is the role of humour in REBT?

Answer 24

To help clients take themselves less seriously and challenge their self-defeating thoughts.

Question 25

What is Rational-Emotive Imagery (REI)?

Answer 25

A technique where clients vividly imagine distressing situations and replace negative thoughts with rational ones.

Question 26

What are shame-attacking exercises in REBT?

Answer 26

Exercises designed to reduce clients' fear of social disapproval by encouraging them to engage in harmless but embarrassing activities.

Question 27

What is the main principle of Cognitive Therapy (CT)?

Answer 27

Psychological distress is caused by faulty information processing leading to exaggerated emotional and behavioural responses.

Question 28

Who founded Cognitive Therapy?

Answer 28

Aaron Beck.

Question 29

What are cognitive distortions in CT?

Answer 29

Faulty thinking patterns such as overgeneralization, magnification, minimization, and dichotomous thinking.

Question 30

What is cognitive restructuring in CT?

Answer 30

A technique to identify, challenge, and modify distorted thoughts and beliefs.

Question 31

What is behavioural activation in CT?

Answer 31

Encouraging clients to engage in activities that improve mood and reduce depression.

Question 32

What is a thought record in CT?

Answer 32

A tool where clients track their negative thoughts, emotions, and alternative rational responses.

Question 33

What is Socratic questioning in CT?

Answer 33

A method where therapists ask guided questions to help clients examine and challenge their beliefs.

Question 34

What is the key similarity between REBT and CT?

Answer 34

Both emphasize the connection between thoughts, emotions, and behaviours.

Question 35

What is a major difference between REBT and CT?

Answer 35

REBT is more directive and confrontational, while CT uses Socratic dialogue and open-ended questioning.

Question 36

What is a major strength of Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT)?

Answer 36

Empirical evidence supports its effectiveness in treating a variety of mental health conditions.

Question 37

What is a major shortcoming of CBT?

Answer 37

It tends to focus on present experiences and may neglect clients' past experiences and unconscious factors.

Question 38

How does CBT approach multicultural considerations?

Answer 38

By adapting interventions to clients' cultural values and beliefs.

Question 39

What is a potential ethical concern in Behaviour Therapy?

Answer 39

Therapists may exert control and social influence over clients' behaviours.

Question 40

How does Behaviour Therapy ensure client autonomy?

Answer 40

By collaboratively setting treatment goals and ensuring informed consent.

Question 41

What disorders is CBT most effective for?

Answer 41

Depression, anxiety disorders, PTSD, OCD, and phobias.

Question 42

What is a major critique of Behaviour Therapy?

Answer 42

It focuses too much on behaviour and not enough on emotions or insight.

Question 43

What is operant conditioning?

Answer 43

A learning process where behaviour is shaped through rewards and punishments.

Question 44

What is classical conditioning?

Answer 44

A learning process where an association is made between two stimuli to elicit a response.

Question 45

How does exposure therapy work?

Answer 45

By gradually exposing clients to feared stimuli to reduce anxiety.

Question 46

What is the role of the therapist in Behaviour Therapy?

Answer 46

To be active, directive, and use empirically validated techniques to modify behaviour.

Question 47

How do therapists evaluate progress in Behaviour Therapy?

Answer 47

By continuously assessing behaviour change and modifying interventions as needed.

Question 48

What is a functional assessment in Behaviour Therapy?

Answer 48

An analysis of antecedents, behaviours, and consequences to understand and modify problematic behaviours.

Question 49

What is the primary goal of CBT?

Answer 49

To change maladaptive thoughts and behaviours to improve emotional regulation and functioning.