Psychoanalytic Counselling Approach

Question 1

What are the four major categories of counselling approaches?

Answer 1

• Psychodynamic
• Experiential and relationship-oriented
• Cognitive-behavioural
• Systems and postmodern

Question 2

Who is the founder of the Psychoanalytic Counselling Approach?

Answer 2

Sigmund Freud

Question 3

What is the focus of the Psychoanalytic Counselling Approach?

Answer 3

Unconscious factors that motivate behaviour

Question 4

What is the main purpose of counselling theories?

Answer 4

• Help counsellors understand sessions
• Assist clients in understanding their problems
• Aid in case formulation
• Maintain professional status of counselling

Question 5

What are the two instinctual drives according to Freud?

Answer 5

• Sexual drive
• Aggressive drive

Question 6

What does the id represent in Freud’s model of personality?

Answer 6

The main source of psychic energy and instincts

Question 7

How does the ego function in Freud’s model of personality?

Answer 7

Mediates between instinctual drives and reality

Question 8

What is the role of the superego in personality according to Freud?

Answer 8

Source of moral code reflecting societal and parental values

Question 9

Fill in the blank: Freud’s structure of personality comprises the ______, the ego, and the superego.

Answer 9

id

Question 10

According to Freud, what does the unconscious mind store?

Answer 10

• Memories
• Experiences
• Needs
• Motivations
• Suppressed materials

Question 11

What is anxiety defined as in Freud’s theory?

Answer 11

A feeling of dread from repressed feelings and memories

Question 12

What are the three types of anxiety identified by Freud?

Answer 12

• Reality anxiety
• Neurotic anxiety
• Moral anxiety

Question 13

What is the primary function of ego-defence mechanisms?

Answer 13

Manage anxiety and protect the ego

Question 14

List three common ego-defence mechanisms.

Answer 14

• Repression
• Denial
• Projection

Question 15

How many psychosexual stages of development did Freud propose?

Answer 15

Five

Question 16

What are the five psychosexual stages of development?

Answer 16

• Oral
• Anal
• Phallic
• Latency
• Genital

Question 17

True or False: Freud believed that unmet needs in the first three psychosexual stages could lead to psychological immaturity later in life.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What is the primary focus of the Psychoanalytic Counselling Approach regarding personality development?

Answer 18

Deterministic model based on psychosexual development

Question 19

What influenced Sigmund Freud’s development of his theories?

Answer 19

Scientific developments such as the works of Charles Darwin

Question 20

Fill in the blank: Freud’s view of human nature is essentially ______.

Answer 20

deterministic

Question 21

What is the primary principle governing the id?

Answer 21

Pleasure principle

Question 22

What is the primary principle governing the ego?

Answer 22

Reality principle

Question 23

What does the superego strive for?

Answer 23

Ideal/perfection

Question 24

What metaphor does Freud use to describe the human mind?

Answer 24

An iceberg

Question 25

What is the primary concern of feminist therapy?

Answer 25

Psychological oppression of women

Question 26

Who are the co-founders of solution-focused brief therapy?

Answer 26

Steve de Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg

Question 27

What does postmodern therapy assume about reality?

Answer 27

Reality is socially constructed through human interaction

Question 28

What does family systems therapy emphasize?

Answer 28

Understanding and working with the family to change the individual

Question 29

What are the five psychosexual stages proposed by Freud?

Answer 29

oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

Question 30

How do the first three developmental stages affect personality development according to Freud?

Answer 30

They have a substantial impact on subsequent personality development

Question 31

What may happen if a person's needs are not met during the oral, anal, or phallic stages?

Answer 31

They may become stuck at these stages and act in psychologically immature ways later in life

Question 32

What issues might arise from unmet needs during the oral developmental stage?

Answer 32

Difficulties in trusting oneself and others, hindering close relationships

Question 33

What is the primary goal of the Psychoanalytic Counselling Approach?

Answer 33

To make unconscious motives and materials conscious

Question 34

What is the purpose of strengthening one's ego in Psychoanalytic Therapy?

Answer 34

To base behavior more on reality and less on instinctual cravings or irrational guilt

Question 35

What stance do therapists adopt in Psychoanalytic Therapy?

Answer 35

An anonymous non-judgmental stance

Question 36

What is the significance of establishing a transference relationship in therapy?

Answer 36

It connects clients' transference reactions to unfinished business with significant others in their past

Question 37

What does transference involve?

Answer 37

The unconscious repetition of the past in the present

Question 38

What is countertransference?

Answer 38

Inappropriate affect or irrational responses from therapists due to their own triggered conflicts

Question 39

How can therapists manage their countertransference reactions?

Answer 39

By being aware of them and undergoing personal therapy and clinical supervision

Question 40

What is the first technique mentioned in Psychoanalytic Counselling?

Answer 40

Free association

Question 41

What does free association entail?

Answer 41

Clients say anything that comes to mind without censorship

Question 42

What are the two levels of dream content according to Freud?

Answer 42

Latent content and manifest content

Question 43

What is the task of therapists in dream analysis?

Answer 43

To help clients uncover latent content from manifest content

Question 44

What does resistance refer to in the context of therapy?

Answer 44

Anything that works against the progress of therapy and prevents unconscious material from surfacing

Question 45

What is the function of interpretations in therapy?

Answer 45

To enable the ego to assimilate new material and uncover further unconscious material

Question 46

What is a strength of the Psychoanalytic Counselling Approach?

Answer 46

It provides a framework to understand the origins and functions of clients' behaviors

Question 47

What is a common criticism of the Psychoanalytic Counseling Approach?

Answer 47

It is based on upper- and middle-class values, not universally shared

Question 48

What is a potential issue with Psychoanalytic Therapy for low-income clients?

Answer 48

They may prefer assistance with concrete issues rather than intrapsychic dynamics

Question 49

What is a shortcoming regarding the empirical research of Psychoanalytic therapists?

Answer 49

They are generally not contributors and consumers of empirical research

Question 50

What may the anonymous role of therapists negatively affect?

Answer 50

The therapist-client relationship