behavioural genetics and heritability of personality

Question 1

how heritable are personality traits? & cite

Answer 1

40-60% (Johnson et al, 2008)

Question 2

what are the 4 laws of behavioural genetics?

Answer 2

1) all behavioural traits = HERITABLE
2) effect of being raised in same family < genes
3) most trait variants are NOT because of family/genes
4) typical behavioural traits linked to genetic variants = % of variability

Question 3

CITE: laws of behavioural genetics

Answer 3

Turkheimer, 2000

Question 4

whats a genotype?

Answer 4

internal genetic code (DNA)

Question 5

whats a phenotype?

Answer 5

outward appearance (appearance, personality, etc)

Question 6

three models of genetic transmission & cite

Answer 6

Reiss, 1997
1) passive model
2) child effects model
3) parent effects model

Question 7

types of studies used to investigate heritability?

Answer 7

family, adoption, twin

Question 8

which type of twins are more similar in twin studies?

Answer 8

MZ

Question 9

what did Tuvblad et al, 2017 find?

Answer 9

genetic and shared environment influences psychopathic traits in early childhood

Question 10

what % of links between big 5 traits and percieved stress is due to genetic influences?

Answer 10

70%

Question 11

what is additive genetic variance?

Answer 11

Variation caused by the effects of numerous genes that combine to create phenotype