intelligence: current theories and debates

Question 1

what skills does intelligence develop?

Answer 1

problem-solving, reasoning, planning, abstract thinking

Question 2

who made the first intelligence test?

Answer 2

Binet, 1905

Question 3

what is the equation for IQ?

Answer 3

mental age/actual age x 100 (Stern)

Question 4

what is general intelligence? (+ name)

Answer 4

the abstract ability to see relationships among concepts and make inferences about them (Spearman)

Question 5

types of intelligence? (+ cite)

Answer 5

(Cattell, 1971) FLUID: primary reasoning ability
CRYSTALLISED: acquired factual knowledge & skills

Question 6

does fluid intelligence decline with age?

Answer 6

yes

Question 7

examples of crystallised intelligence? (cattell, 1971)

Answer 7

vocabulary, comprehension + general knowledge

Question 8

theory of multiple intelligences? (cite)

Answer 8

Gardner, 1983

Question 9

what are the 7 other types of intelligence mentioned in Gardner’s multiple intelligences theory?

Answer 9

1 - linguistics
2 - inter-personal
3 - intra-personal
4 - logical-mathematical
5 - bodily-kinesthetic intelligence
6 - spatial
7 - musical

Question 10

first IQ test designed for adults? (+ cite)

Answer 10

the WAIS (Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale)
Weschler, 1955

Question 11

when did Weschler raise the suspicion that females are smarter than males?

Answer 11

1944

Question 12

what type of tasks are men generally better at?

Answer 12

visual-spatial tasks

Question 13

what types of tasks are women generally better at?

Answer 13

language tasks

Question 14

1 reason why men are better at visuo-spatial tasks + cite

Answer 14

testosterone (Williams, 1991)

Question 15

what % IQ is inherited according to twin studies?

Answer 15

70%

Question 16

4 types of culture biases linked to IQ studies

Answer 16

method bias
item bias
confirmation bias
construct bias