behaviourism

Question 1

What do Behaviourists believe?

Answer 1

Behaviour should be observable and measurable

Question 2

what do behaviourists believe about animals?

Answer 2

animal behaviour is comparable to human behaviour

Question 3

Where do behaviourists believe behaviour is learned from?

Answer 3

the environment

Question 4

What do behaviourists refer to humans as?

Answer 4

tabula rasa

Question 5

what language is ‘tabula rasa’?

Answer 5

latin

Question 6

what does ‘tabula rasa’ mean?

Answer 6

blank slate

Question 7

when are humans tabula rasa?

Answer 7

when we are born, when we come into the world

Question 8

How many approaches do the behaviourists believe in?

Answer 8

2

Question 9

What are the 2 behaviourist approaches?

Answer 9

classical conditioning and operant conditioning

Question 10

What did Ivan Pavlov study?

Answer 10

Classical conditioning (behaviourism)

Question 11

What did BF Skinner study?

Answer 11

Operant conditioning (behaviourism)

Question 12

Who was Ivan Pavlov?

Answer 12

a russian scientist who won the nobel prize for his research into the digestive system of dogs

Question 13

What is classical conditioning?

Answer 13

learning through association

Question 14

What did Ivan Pavlov want to test about classical conditioning?

Answer 14

if he could get a dog to salivate from just hearing the sound of a bell and not when the food was presented

Question 15

What stimulus in classical conditioning elicits no response?

Answer 15

neutral stimulus (bell)

Question 16

What stimulus in classical conditioning elicits an unconditioned response?

Answer 16

an unconditioned stimulus (dog food->dog salivates unconsciously/ not learned)

Question 17

What is created when a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditional stimulus ?

Answer 17

a conditioned stimulus (dog has learned it gets food when bell rings so salivates when it hears the sound of the bell)

Question 18

what does classical conditioning apply to?

Answer 18

involuntary reflex behaviours

Question 19

Is there generalisation in classical conditioning?

Answer 19

yes- volume or pitch of bell could change but dogs would still salivate as long as the bell sounded similar.

Question 20

Is there discrimination in classical conditioning?

Answer 20

yes. if bell sound gets to dissimilar dogs will no longer salivate

Question 21

Is there extinction in classical conditioning?

Answer 21

yes. if the bell keeps being rung with no food presented, the dogs will stop salivating at the bell as they are no longer associated together.

Question 22

What is extinction in classical conditioning?

Answer 22

the gradual weakening of a conditioned response

Question 23

What is discrimination in classical conditioning?

Answer 23

The sound becomes too different

Question 24

What is generalisation in classical conditioning?

Answer 24

conditioned stimulus (bell) is generalised to other sounds

Question 25

What is spontaneous discovery in classical conditioning?

Answer 25

sudden display of behaviour that was thought to to be extinct

Question 26

What project did BF skinner run?

Answer 26

project pigeon

Question 27

What did there government as BF skinner to create?

Answer 27

a pigeon led bomb

Question 28

What did BF Skinner find about Ivan Pavlovs stimulus- response reaction?

Answer 28

it was not enough when it came to human behaviour

Question 29

What did BF skinner believe?

Answer 29

behaviour is determined by its consequence, and shaped and maintained by its consequence

Question 30

What is operant conditioning?

Answer 30

learning through consequence

Question 31

What is reinforcement?

Answer 31

A consequence that INCREASES the likelihood of a particular behaviour being repeated.

Question 32

What is punishment?

Answer 32

A consequence that DECREASES the likelihood of a particular behaviour being repeated.

Question 33

Does reinforcement strengthen or weaken a behaviour?

Answer 33

strengthen

Question 34

Does punishment strengthen or weaken a behaviour?

Answer 34

weaken

Question 35

What two animals did BF Skinner study more intensely?

Answer 35

pigeons and rats

Question 36

What was the box called that Skinner used to test punishment and reinforcement on rats?

Answer 36

Skinner box

Question 37

What does operant conditioning apply to?

Answer 37

voluntary response

Question 38

What is continuous reinforcement?

Answer 38

when behaviour is reinforced every time it happens

Question 39

What is partial reinforcement?

Answer 39

when behaviour is reinforced some of the time

Question 40

What type of reinforcement works less over time (extinction)

Answer 40

continuous reinforcement?

Question 41

What type of enforcement is more resistant to extinction?

Answer 41

partial reinforcement

Question 42

What is ratio?

Answer 42

number of responses

Question 43

What is interval?

Answer 43

amount of time

Question 44

What is fixed?

Answer 44

stays the same

Question 45

What is variable?

Answer 45

changes

Question 46

What is fixed ratio schedule?

Answer 46

Reinforcement is given after a fixed number of responses / behaviours has occurred.

Question 47

What is varied ratio schedule?

Answer 47

Reinforcement is given after a varying number of responses / behaviours has occurred.

Question 48

What is fixed interval schedule?

Answer 48

Reinforcement is given after a fixed amount of time elapses following the behaviour being performed.

Question 49

What is variable interval schedule?

Answer 49

Reinforcement is given after a varying amount of time elapses following the behaviour being performed.