research methods

Question 1

What must you always have when you start your research?

Answer 1

a clear aim

Question 2

How do you always start righting aims?

Answer 2

the aim is to investigate…

Question 3

what are the two types of variables?

Answer 3

independent and dependent

Question 4

What is a dependent variable?

Answer 4

the variable being measured or tested in the experiment

Question 5

What is an independent variable?

Answer 5

the variable that the researcher manipulates and is assumed to have a direct effect on the dependent variable

Question 6

What must both variables be?

Answer 6

operationalised

Question 7

What does operationalising variables mean?

Answer 7

making them measurable

Question 8

What is the hypothesis?

Answer 8

a precise, testable statement of what the researchers predict will be the outcome of the study

Question 9

Is a hypothesis directional or non-directional?

Answer 9

both

Question 10

What does directional mean?

Answer 10

you predict the exact effect the iv will have on the dv

Question 11

What does non-directional mean?

Answer 11

you predict there is some kind of relationship betweeen the iv and the dv

Question 12

Is directional one tailed or two tailed

Answer 12

one tailed

Question 13

is non-directional one tailed or two tailed

Answer 13

two tailed

Question 14

Directional hypothesis

Answer 14

significant increase/decrease dv with iv in condition 1 than condition 2

Question 15

Non- directional hypothesis

Answer 15

significant differences dv with iv from condition one than condition two

Question 16

What are two key aspects of designing a good study?

Answer 16

reliability and validity

Question 17

What are the two types of validity

Answer 17

internal and external

Question 18

What are the two types of validity

Answer 18

internal and external

Question 19

What are the three types of external validity?

Answer 19

ecological, population, time

Question 20

What are the 5 types of sampling methods?

Answer 20

random, systematic, stratified, opportunistic, voulenteer

Question 21

What are the 4 types of experiments?

Answer 21

laboratory, field, natural, quasi

Question 22

What is operationalisation?

Answer 22

making variables measurable

Question 23

What is a correlational hypothesis?

Answer 23

A hypothesis stating there will be a correlation between variable 1 and 2

Question 24

What does correlation mean?

Answer 24

a relationship between 2 variables

Question 25

What is the correlation coefficient?

Answer 25

the calculated score of correlation

Question 26

What is the correlation coefficient between?

Answer 26

-1 and +1

Question 27

What is the correlation of -1

Answer 27

perfect negative

Question 28

What is the correlation of +1

Answer 28

perfect positive

Question 29

What is the correlation of 0

Answer 29

no correlation

Question 30

What is the correlation of -0.3

Answer 30

weak negative

Question 31

What is the correlation of +0.3

Answer 31

weak positive

Question 32

What is the correlation of -0.5

Answer 32

moderate negative

Question 33

What is the correlation of +0.5

Answer 33

moderate positive

Question 34

What is the correlation of -0.8

Answer 34

strong negative

Question 35

What is the correlation of +0.8

Answer 35

strong positive

Question 36

does correlation infer causation?

Answer 36

no

Question 37

What is a null hypothesis?

Answer 37

a hypothesis that contrasts the experimental/alternative hypothesis

Question 38

How many hypothesis must you always have?

Answer 38

2

Question 39

How many hypothesis must you always have?

Answer 39

2

Question 40

What is the purpose of the null hypothesis?

Answer 40

it states there’s no relationship between the 2 variables

Question 41

What does descriptive stats mean?

Answer 41

the analysis of data that helps describe, show or summarise data in a meaningful way.

Question 42

What do descriptive stats allow us to do?

Answer 42

identify patterns

Question 43

What do descriptive stats prevent us from doing?

Answer 43

make conclusions beyond the data we have analysed or reach conclusions regarding our hypotheses.

Question 44

What are two key aspects of designing a good study?

Answer 44

reliability and validity

Question 45

What is ordinal data?

Answer 45

data that classifies variables into categories that have order or rank

Question 46

What is interval data?

Answer 46

data is metered in a numerical scale that has equal intervals between adjacent values

Question 47

What is nominal data?

Answer 47

data that can be labelled or classified into mutual exclusive categories within a variable

Question 48

is the mean interval, ordinal or nominal?

Answer 48

interval

Question 49

is the median interval, ordinal or nominal?

Answer 49

ordinal

Question 50

is the mode interval, ordinal or nominal?

Answer 50

nominal