Behaviourist Ap.

Question 1

What is classical conditioning?

Answer 1

When we learn to associate a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus.

Question 2

What did behaviourists believe?

Answer 2

behaviourists believed that most behaviour is learned

Question 3

Which learning mechanisms are described in the behaviourist approach?

Answer 3

• Classical conditioning

* Operant conditioning

Question 4

What is classical conditioning?

Answer 4

When we learn to associate a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus

Question 5

What is meant by operant conditioning?

Answer 5

When we learn to associate our own actions with the outcome of those actions.

Question 6

Social learning theory is similar to the behaviour approach in what ways?

Answer 6

• They are both considered learning approaches

* they they both agree that most behaviour is learned.

Question 7

Why is the behavioural approach different from the social learning theory?

Answer 7

Social learning theory is different from the behavioural approach because an assumption of social learning theory is that we can learn just by observing others.

Question 8

Behaviourism in a sentence.

Answer 8

Behaviourism is a theory of learning which states all behaviours are learned through interaction with the environment through a process called conditioning. Thus, behaviour is simply a response to environmental stimuli.

Question 9

How is the behaviourist approach scientific?

Answer 9

The behaviourists used lab experiments.

This means that they had high control over extraneous variables, meaning studies have high internal validity and external reliability.

Reliance on empirical evidence means theories are falsifiable.

Behaviourist studies have been replicated many time.

Question 10

What are strengths of the behaviourist approach?

Answer 10

• The behaviourist approach is scientific

* Learning mechanisms can be used to develop psychological treatments.

Question 11

How can classical conditioning be used to treat anxieties and phobias?

Answer 11

By replacing a negative association with a positive association.

Question 12

Behaviourists explain behaviour mainly in terms of..

Answer 12

Behaviourists explain behaviour mainly in terms of Stimulus and Response.

Question 13

Why is the behaviourist approach overly reductive?

Answer 13

the behaviourist approach may be overly reductionist because it ignores the role of mental processes and biological factors in explaining behaviour.

Question 14

Which limitations are there to the behaviourists using animal research?

Answer 14

First, the results from animal research may not generalise to humans.

Second, there may be ethical issues with the research.

Question 15

Explain why the behaviourist approach can be considered reductionist.

Answer 15

it explains behaviour solely in terms of stimulus and response.

The behaviourist approach can be considered reductionist as it explains that we learn only through experience, therefore only focusing on nurture. It also ignores many other explanations such as the role of mental processes and biological factors in behaviour.

Question 16

What are two main differences between social learning theory and the behaviourist approach?

Answer 16

Social learning theory says that mediational processes are involved in learning, whereas classical and operant conditioning state that learning is direct.

Social learning theory says that, in addition to classical and operant conditioning, we can learn through observational learning