Behaviourist Approach Flashcards
(25 cards)
Who established the behaviourist approach?
Skinner
When was the behaviourist approach established?
1913
What are the 4 assumptions about the humanist approach?
1) Behaviourist psychologists favour the lab experiment as it is scientific, meaning results conducted are measurable
2) All behaviour is a response to an event in the environment (we can make stimulus links)
3) Behaviour is determined by the environment and the mind is irrelevant
4) It is reasonable to extrapolate results from animal research to human behaviour. We learn the basics of human behaviour from animal research.
What are the two main features of the behaviourist approach?
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Who discovered classical conditioning?
Ivan pavlov
How did Ivan Pavlov discover classical conditioning?
Pavlov revealed that dogs could be conditioned to the sound of the bell if the sound of the bell was rung every time food was present and this would produce the salvation responses every time they heard the bell
What happened in phase one of Pavlov’s conditioning experiment
Food = Dog salivated - Unconditioned Response
What happened in phase two of Pavlov’s conditioning experiment
Bell = No Salivation - No conditioned Response
What happened in phase three of Pavlov’s conditioning experiment
Bell rung + Food = Salivation - Unconditioned Response
What happened in phase four of Pavlov’s conditioning experiment
Bell Rung = Salivation - Conditioned Response
Who conducted the Little Albert experiment?
Watson & Raynor
What did Watson & Raynor discover?
They found that Little Albert associated a loud bang with the sight of a rat and was therefore, terrified of the rat
What is an unconditioned stimulus?
The stimuli which has an initial effect on an animal
What is the neutral stimulus?
The stimuli which has no initial effect on an animal
What is an unconditioned response?
The fear created by the unconditioned stimuli
What is a conditioned response?
The fear created by the previous neutral stimuli, which has turned into a fear
What is operant conditioning?
Learning through reinforcement
What is positive reinforcement?
This is being rewarded for displaying desired behaviour, increasing the likelihood of the behaviour being repeated
What is negative reinforcement?
This is behaving in a way to prevent something negative from occurring, increasing the likelihood of the behaviour being repeated
What is punishment?
This is a negative consequence of behaviour, decreasing the likelihood of the behaviour being repeated
Who established operant conditioning?
Skinner
What was Skinner’s Rat method?
He would place one hungry rat into a skinner box which had a variety of stimuli (food, sound, lights and electric shocks). He would wait for the rats to accidentally run into the lever and discover that it either set off a stimuli or stopped a stimuli and calculate how long it took for the rat to realise it always did this.
What was Skinner’s rat experiment positive reinforcement?
Press Lever = Food dispensed
What was Skinner’s rat experiment negative reinforcement?
The rat had to press the lever to stop electric shocks
