Behaviourist Approach Definitions Flashcards
(9 cards)
Define Behaviourist Approach
Believe only directly observable and measurable behaviour should be studied
Believe all behaviour is learnt and therfore can be unlearnt
Define classical conditioning
Suggests we learn through association, this happens when two stimuli are repeatedly paired together (an unconditioned stimulus and a neutral stimulus. The neutral stimulus eventually produces the same response as the ucs, even when the ucs is no longer present. When this happens, we say conditioning has occurred as the neutral stimulus becomes the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned response I now the conditioned response
Define operant conditioning
Suggests behaviour is shaped and maintained by its consequences. Learning occurs through consequences such as positive or negative reinforcement and punishment
Define reinforcement
This is a pleasant consequence of behaviour that increases the likelihood that the behaviour will be repeated
Define positive reinforcement
Where a reward is received for performing a particular behaviour. It’s intended to strengthen and encourage repetition of that behaviour
Define negative reinforcement
Something is avoided in order to prevent an unpleasant consequence. This is intended to strengthen and encourage repetition of the avoidance behaviour
Define punishment
An pleasant consequence of behaviour that decreases the likelihood of that behaviour being repeated. It’s intend is to weaken and discourage repetition of the behaviour
Skinner box
An enclosed ‘cage’ that contains a bar that an animal can press in order to obtain food or water from a dispenser as a type of reinforcement
Token economy system
This is a system of behaviour modification which is based on the principles of operant conditioning. It’s often used in prisons and psychiatric hospitals. This system involves giving inmates/patients tokens for good behaviour, which can then be exchanged for a privilege or reward.
