Benefits and risks of PA Flashcards
Low workload activity to manage Cardiopulmonary dysfunction; Goal is to optimize oxygen transport through exercise; prescription provides gravitational and exercise stimulus
mobilization
Bodily movement produced by muscle contraction that increases metabolic demand substantially over the resting state; goal is activity aimed at improving aerobic capacity; prescription acc to ACSM: 150 minutes of moderate-vigorous OR
300 minutes of low to moderate intensity
Physical activity
A form a physical activity that is structured and repetitive. Moderate intensity; goal is to maximize function of oxygen transport to all structures; prescription by PTs in the management of subacute and chronic Cardiopulmonary conditions
Exercise
Systematic application of progressive exercise to elicits physiological, functional or skill-based goals; goal is completion of a specific activity to improved a patient-defined goal; prescription includes aerobic and anaerobic exercise and resistance exercise
training
The amount of oxygen taken in during an activity; Goal is improved aerobic capacity; prescription is increasing PA to improve VO2
Oxygen consumption
What are the 5 health- related physical fitness components?
- Cardiorespiratory endurance: ability of the CP system to supply oxygen during PA
- Body Composition: relative amounts of muscle, fat, bone and other vital parts of the body
- Muscular Strength: ability of muscle to exert force
- Muscular Endurance: ability of muscle to continue to perform without fatigue
- Flexibility: ROM available at a joint
How can a PT affect the 5 health-related physical fitness components if a patient presents with any impairment in any of these areas?
Through prescription of training– identifying deficits of body structure and function, and addressing them through a plan of care
What are the 6 skill-related physical fitness components?
- Agility: ability to change position in space with speed and accuracy
- Coordination: ability to use the senses together with body to perform smooth movement
- Balance: maintain equilibrium during static and dynamic tasks
- Power: ability or rate at which work can be performed
- Reaction Time: Time elapsed between stimulation and reaction
- Speed: ability to perform in a short amount of time
How can a PT affect the 6 skill-related physical fitness components if a patient presents with any impairment in any of these areas?
All of these skills could be intervened on by the physical therapist by tailoring the intervention to improve patient performance of physical activity for the functional demands of a motor task
What are the current PA recommendations?
- 18-65 y/o = moderate intensity aerobic for a min of 30 min, 5 d/wk or vigorous 20 min on 3 d/wk; combo can be performed
- total of 150 min/wk for mod intensity, 75 min/wk for vigorous (additional health benefits for 300 min/wk and 150 min/wk for intensities respectively)
- Moderate intensity aerobic activity can be accumulated bouts each lasting >/= 10 min
- muscular strength and endurance for a min of 2 d/wk
- dose response relationship = individuals need to exceed min recommendations to improve
What is the Dose-Response relationship in the context of PA?
Additional health benefits result from greater amounts of PA
What are the benefits of regular PA that results in the improvement of the CV and respiratory system?
- Increased max O2 uptake resulting from both central and peripheral adaptations
- Decreased minute ventilation at a given absolute submax intensity
- Decreased myocardial O2 cost for a given absolute submax intensity
- Increased capillary density in skeletal mm
- Increased exercise threshold for the accumulation of lactate in the blood
- Increased exercise threshold for the onset of disease signs or symptoms (e.g., angina pectoris, ischemic ST-segment depression, claudication)
What are the benefits of regular PA for reduction of CV disease risk factors?
- Reduced resting systolic/diastolic pressure
- Increased serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreased serum triglycerides
- Reduced total body fat, reduced intra-abdominal fat
- Reduced insulin needs, improved glucose tolerance
- Reduced blood platelet adhesiveness and aggregation
- Reduced inflammation
What are the benefits of regular PA in terms of decreasing morbidity and mortality?
- Primary prevention (i.e., interventions to prevent the initial occurrence)
1. Higher activity and/or fitness levels are associated with lower death rates from CAD
2. Higher activity and/or fitness levels are associated with lower incidence rates for CVD, CAD, stroke, type 3 DM, metabolic syndrome, osteoporotic fractures, cancer of the colon and breast, and gallbladder disease - Secondary prevention (i.e., interventions after cardiac event to prevent another
1. Based on meta-analyses, CV and all-cause mortality are reduced in patients with post-MI who participate in cardiac rehab exercise training, esp as a component of multifactorial risk factor reduction
What is included in muscular fitness?
Functional parameters of muscle strength, endurance, and power
