Benign (eg. heterotopic bone, keloid, AVM, meningioma)

Question 1

what can happen to some patients who undergo hip surgery?

Answer 1

Heterotopic ossification

Question 2

what does “heterotopic” mean? - expand def to “heterotopic bone”

Answer 2

in an abnormal place; misplaced –> a heterotopic bone formation is the formation of bone where it is not normally found, as in muscle

Question 3

T/F:
heterotopic bone formation is always related to an underlying condition

Answer 3

FALSE

Question 4

the following is defining what?
“Bone forms in the soft tissue, where bone does not typically form”

Answer 4

Heterotopic Bone

Question 5

what is treatment for Heterotopic Bone? (When does trt happen and how much dose?)

Answer 5

Treatment occurs preoperatively or postoperatively
Treatment is one dose of about 6-8 Gy

Question 6

the following is an example of what?

Answer 6

Heterotopic Bone

Question 7

the following is describing what?
“Unwarranted amount of scar formation; Benign condition of uncontrolled growth of connective tissue”

Answer 7

keloid

Question 8

how can you control/trt a keloid? (When does trt happen and how much dose? Just radiation?)

Answer 8

-Can be controlled with surgery and low-dose radiation after (after surgery)
-Radiation trt should occur within 24 hrs of the surgery
-Typically treated in 3 fractions to a total of 900-1500 cGy

Question 9

the following is an example of what?

Answer 9

a keloid

Question 10

the following describes what?
“An abnormality where the arteries and veins become tangled and are unable to transfer nutrients to vital organs, such as the brain”

Answer 10

AVM (Arteriovenous Malformations)

Question 11

what are complications of AVMs? (2)

Answer 11

seizures and hemorrhaging

Question 12

how can AVMs be treated?

Answer 12

can be treated with surgery or radiosurgery

Question 13

what are common radiosurgery AVM doses?

Answer 13

Common doses for AVMs are 1200-2500 cGy

Question 14

T/F:
AVMs happen only in the brain and spinal cord

Answer 14

FALSE…
even though brain and spinal cord are more common… AVMs can develop elsewhere in body

Question 15

what are common signs of Meningioma?

Answer 15

Focal presentation related to tumor location

Question 16

what are common symptoms of Meningioma? (2)

Answer 16

Localized headaches and Seizures

Question 17

Meningiomas are histologically benign lesions that occur far more often in patients who have _____

Answer 17

NF (Neurofibromatosis)

Question 18

define Neurofibromatosis -

Answer 18

a genetic disease that causes tumors to develop in the nervous system

Question 19

how are Meningiomas treated? Does radiation have a part?

Answer 19

-These lesions are treated with observation, or surgery if they progress and cause neurologic symptoms
-Radiation may be necessary for unresectable lesions

Question 20

what is the normal tissue origin for Meningiomas?

Answer 20

Meninges

Question 21

What is the general function of our Meninges? hint: function of tissue

Answer 21

composed of three distinct coverings that PROTECT the brain and spinal cord

Question 22

T/F:
CSF (Cerebrospinal Fluid) circulates within the meninges

Answer 22

TRUE

Question 23

What are the 3 layers of the Meninges? (from outer to inner)

Answer 23

outermost - Dura mater
middle - Arachnoid mater

Subarachnoid Space is between arachnoid and pia

innermost - Pia mater

Question 24

What is between the arachnoid mater and pia mater of the Meninges?

Answer 24

the subarachnoid space