Benzene and phenol

Question 1

What is the equation when an NO2 + electrophile is produced?

Answer 1

HNO3 + H2SO4 ⇌ NO2+ + HSO4- + H20

Question 2

What is the product when NaOH is added to phenol?

Answer 2

Sodium phenoxide

Question 3

What are the reagants and conditions to form nitrobenzene from benzene?

Answer 3

HNO3 and a H2SO4 catalyst

Question 4

How do you turn a nitrobenzene into a benzenamine/ aniline?

Answer 4

Add HCl and a Sn catalyst

Question 4

What is the equation for the formation of aniline/ benzenamine from nitrobenzene?

Answer 4

C6H5 (NO2) + 6[H] →C6H5 (NH2) +2H2O

Question 5

Why does bromine react more readily with phenol than benzene?

Answer 5

-lone pair of electrons on oxygen partially delocalises into benzene ring
-electron density in ring increases
-electrophile (Br2) is more polarised
-more susceptible to electrophilic attack
DO NOT mention electronegativity

Question 6

What is an aliphatic compound

Answer 6

An organic molecule with no aromatic groups

Question 7

What is an alicyclic compound

Answer 7

A cyclic compound which is not aromatic

Question 8

Why does bromine react less readily with benzenoic acid than benzene?

Answer 8

-the carboxylic acid’s carbon is an electron withdrawing group decreasing electron density in the benzene ring
-thus, benzenoic acid is less susceptible to electrophilic attack