Synthesis

Question 1

How do you make a polyamide?

Answer 1

Acyl chloride + diamine
Or
Diarboxylic acid + diamine

Question 2

What is the reagants and conditions required to form an ester from a carboxylic acid?

Answer 2

Reagant: alcohol
Conditions: acid (H2SO4) catalyst

Question 3

What is hydrolysis?

Answer 3

A [substitution] reaction when water is added

Question 4

What reagant could be used to test rates of hydrolysis in different haloalkanes?

Answer 4

Silver nitrate- the precipitate will form in different times for different haloalkanes.

Question 5

How can a reagant act as an electrophile?

Answer 5

By accepting a pair of electrons in a reaction

Question 6

How can a reagant act as an nucleophile?

Answer 6

By donating a pair of electrons in a reaction

Question 7

How do you determine the major and minor products in a reaction?

Answer 7

-The major product will have a more stable carbocation intermediate as more carbons are bonded to the positively charged carbons

Question 8

What determines the stability of a carbocation intermediate?

Answer 8

-the more carbons are bonded to the positively charged carbon, the more stable the intermediaae

Question 9

Explain the difference in solubility between hexan - 1- ol and hexane -1,6- diol

Answer 9

Hexan -1- ol has one -OH group, hexan -1,6- diol has 2
So hexan -1,6- diol forms more hydrogen bonds with water

Question 10

What is the difference between an amide and an amine?

Answer 10

An amide is formed from an acyl chloride. An amine is not.
An amide has a nitrogen atom bonded to a carbonyl group.

Question 11

How does the halogen in a haloalkane affect rate of hydrolysis?

Answer 11

• carbon-halogen bonds enthalpy decreases as you go down the group
• rate of hydrolysis is lower if enthalpy is higher