Bergfeld Final stuff Flashcards
(31 cards)
Who determines whether a “safe” level of pesticide residue (“tolerance”) can be established before registration of a pesticide?
EPA
T/F Phosphates are biologically active. Thiophosphates undergo lethal synthesis and require hepatic bioactivation.
True
Which enzyme do organophosphates inactivate? Is this reversible?
Acetylcholinesterase.
No.
When animals higher in the food chain eat smaller organisms lower in the food chain such that the environmental chemical is magnified it is referred to as ____________
Biomagnification
T/F Malathion is the most common organophosphate causing toxicity in animals.
True
What does the mnemonic DUMBELS stand for and what pesticide causes these clinical signs?
Diarrhea Urination Miosis Bronchospasm Emesis Lacrimation Salivation
Organophosphates
Which of the following was the first successful carbamate insecticide introduced in 1956? Physostigmine Carbaryl Aldicarb Neostigmine
Carbaryl
T/F Carbamates do not penetrate the CNS and also do not require hepatic bioactivation.
True
Thiophosphates cause a delayed pathology which presents as muscle weakness, ataxia and rear limb paralysis. What is this called and which species is most sensitive to it?
OP-induced polyneuropathy
Chickens
What test is done to diagnose OP toxicity?
Atropine response test
(If you don’t observe dry skin and mm’s, increased heart rate or dilated pupils there is a high likelihood of OP poisoning)
Atropine therapy is used with OP toxicity to reduce excessive ____ secretions and prevent ______ failure.
Airway
Respiratory
T/F Carbamates, like OPs, cause irreversible inhibition (by competitive inhibition) of ACh.
False, carbamates cause REVERSIBLE ACh inhibition
Which pesticide’s mode of action involves the accumulation of ACh throughout the CNS resulting in overstimulation of muscarinic and nicotinic receptors?
Organophosphates
What should you always consider as a differential with unexplained GI signs and abdominal pain, especially in dogs and cats?
Lead toxicity, despite it being rare
What clinical signs are associated with carbamate toxicity? What other pesticide are these similar to?
SLUD (Salivation Lacrimation Urination Diarrhea)
Similar to OP toxicity
T/F Lead serves no beneficial purpose in the body.
True
What is the active ingredient in the pesticide “Tres Pasitos”?
Aldicarb
Which of the following is the most toxic of the carbamates? Physostigmine Carbaryl Aldicarb Neostigmine
Aldicarb
T/F OP-induced delayed polyneuropathy develops 2-4 days after acute cholinergic effects and signs of the acute effects are no longer obvious. Symptoms include weakness of respiratory muscles & accessory muscles, including those of the neck and proximal limb.
False, this is describing OP-induced intermediate syndrome.
OP-induced delayed polyneuropathy occurs 10-14 days after exposure to thiophosphates.
While lead is not readily absorbed or metabolized, ____ conditions favor dissolution and absorption.
Acid
T/F Organic lead is more readily absorbed than metallic/inorganic lead.
True
Which of the following is the most common cause of animal poisoning? Organochlorines Naphthalene Organophosphates Neonicotinoids
Organophosphates
What is the most common source of lead toxicosis in animals?
Lead-based paint
T/F Lead crosses the BBB and the placenta. IT accumulates in active bone matrices and competes with calcium.
True
