Beta-Lactam Antibiotics

Question 1

What organisms do Penicillin G, Penicillin VK and Benzathine Penicillin cover?

Answer 1

Viridans group Streptococci
Streptococcus Pyogenes
Oral Anaerobes
Syphillis
Leptospira

Question 2

What Organisms do Ampicillin and Amoxicillin cover?

Answer 2

Viridans group Streptococci
Streptococcus Pyogenes
Oral Anaerobes
Syphillis
Leptospira
+
E. Coli
Lyme Disease
A few other Gram (-) Bacilli

Question 3

What is the most accurate test for infectious diseases?

Answer 3

Culture

Question 4

What conditions are Amoxicillin the best initial therapy for?

Answer 4

Otitis Media
Dental Infection and Endocarditis Prophylaxis
Lyme Disease limed to rash, joint, or CN7 involvement
Listeria Monocytogenes
Enterococcal Infections

Question 5

What is the best initial therapy for Otitis media?

Answer 5

Amoxicillin

Question 6

What is the best initial therapy for Dental infection and endocarditis prophylaxis?

Answer 6

Amoxicillin

Question 7

What is the best initial therapy for Lyme disease limed to rash, joint or CN7 involvement?

Answer 7

Amoxicillin

Question 8

What is the best initial therapy for Listeria Monocytogenes?

Answer 8

Amoxicillin

Question 9

What is the best initial therapy for Enterococcal Infections?

Answer 9

Amoxicillin

Question 10

What drugs are considered Penicillinase-resistant penicillins (PRP)?

Answer 10

Oxacillin
Cloxacillin
Dicloxacillin
Nafcillin

Question 11

What conditions are Penicillinase-Resistant Penicillins (PRP) used to treat?

Answer 11

Skin infections: Cellulitis, impetigo, erysipelas

Endocarditis, meningitis and bacteremia from Staphylococci

Osteomyelitis and Septic arthritis if organism is proven sensitive

Question 12

What organisms are covered by all Cephalosporins?

Answer 12

Group A,B and C streptococci
Viridans Group Streptococci
E. Coli
Klebsiella
Proteus Mirabilis

Question 13

If a patient develops a rash with penicillins can you give Cephalosporins?

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

If a patient develops anaphylaxis with penicillins can you give Cephalosporins?

Answer 14

No, you must give a non beta-lactam antibiotic

Question 15

What are commonly used 1st generation Cephalosporins?

Answer 15

Cefazolin
Cephalexin
Cephradine
Cefadroxil

Question 16

What organisms are 1st generation Cephalosporins used to treat?

Answer 16

Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococci
Streptococci: except Enterococcus
E. Coli

Question 17

What conditions are 1st generation Cephalosporins used to treat?

Answer 17

Osteomyelitis
Septic Arthritis
Endocarditis
Cellulitis

Question 18

What are commonly used 2nd generation Cephalosporins?

Answer 18

Cefotetan
Cefoxitin
Cefaclor
Cefprozil
Cefuroxime

Question 19

What additional organisms are covered by 2nd generation Cephalosporins?

Answer 19

Anaerobes and wider gram (-) coverage

Question 20

What is the best initial therapy for Pelvic inflammatory Disease (PID)?

Answer 20

Cefotetan or Cefoxitin combined with Doxycycline

Question 21

What are the only 2 cephalosporins that cover anaerobes?

Answer 21

Cefotetan and Cefoxitin

Question 22

What adverse effects are associated with Cefotetan and Cefoxitin?

Answer 22

Increased risk of bleeding and Disulfiramlike reaction with alcohol

Question 23

What conditions are the 2nd generation cephalosporins Cefuroxime, Cefprozil and Cefaclor used to treat?

Answer 23

Respiratory infections such as
-bronchitis
-otitis media
-sinusitis

Question 24

What are the commonly used 3rd generation cephalosporin drugs?

Answer 24

Ceftriaxone
Cefotaxime
Ceftazidime

Question 25

What organism is Ceftriaxone the first line treatment for?

Answer 25

Pneumococcus

Question 26

What conditions is Ceftriaxone the first line treatment for?

Answer 26

Meningitis CAP: in combination with macrolides Gonorrhea Lyme involving the heart or brain

Question 27

What population is ceftriaxone avoided in?

Answer 27

Neonates: impairs biliary metabolism

Question 28

What cephalosporin is superior to ceftriaxone in neonates?

Answer 28

Cefotaxime

Question 29

What condition is Cefotaxime commonly used to treat?

Answer 29

Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis

Question 30

What 3rd generation cephalosporin covers Pseudomonas?

Answer 30

Ceftazidime

Question 31

What is the only Cephalosporin to cover MRSA?

Answer 31

Ceftaroline

Question 32

What is a commonly used 4th generation cephalosporin drug?

Answer 32

Cefepime

Question 33

What is Cefepime used to treat?

Answer 33

Neutropenia and fever Ventilator-associated Pneumonia

Question 34

What is the 5th generation cephalosporin?

Answer 34

Ceftaroline

Question 35

What does Ceftaroline cover?

Answer 35

Gream (-) Bacili and MRSA excluding Pseudomonas

Question 36

How doe Cefoxitin and Cefotetan increase the risk of bleeding?

Answer 36

They deplete prothrombin

Question 37

What organisms are covered by Carbapenems?

Answer 37

Gram (-) bacilli including many resistant strains Anaerobes Streptococci Staphylococci

Question 38

What is the best therapy for ESBL-producing gram (-) Bacteria?

Answer 38

Carbapenems

Question 39

What makes Ertapenem different from other Carbapenems?

Answer 39

it does not cover Pseudomonas

Question 40

What is the only drug that is a monobactam?

Answer 40

Aztreonam

Question 41

What is Aztreonam used to cover?

Answer 41

Only gram (-) bacilli including Pseudomonas

Question 42

Does Aztreonam cross-react with penicillin allergy?

Answer 42

No