Beta Lactam Summary Table

Question 1

Clinical application:

Streptococcal infections, meningococcal infections, neurosyphilis

Answer 1

Penicillin G

Question 2

Clinical application:

Skin and soft tissue infections, UTI, surgical prophylaxis

Answer 2

Cefazolin (1st gen cephalosporin)

Question 3

Clinical application:

Serious infections such as pneumonia and serpsis

Answer 3

Imipenem-cilastatin

Question 4

Infections caused by aerobic, gram-negative bacteria in patients with immediate hypersensitivity to penicillins

Answer 4

Aztreonam

Question 5

Clinical applcations:

Infections caused by gram-positive bacteria including sepsis, endocarditis and meningitis

C difficile colitis (oral formulation)

Answer 5

Vancomycin

Question 6

Clinical application:

Infections caused by gram-positive bacteria including sepsis and endocarditis

Answer 6

Daptomycin

Question 7

HL of penicillin G and dosing interval

Answer 7

30min HL
every 4hrs

Question 8

toxicity of penicillin G

Answer 8

immediate hypersensitivity, rash, seizures

Question 9

toxicity of cefazolin

Answer 9

rash, drug fever

Question 10

HL and dosing interval of cefazolin

Answer 10

HL 1.5 given every 8hrs

Question 11

route of administration of cefazolin

Answer 11

IV

Question 12

Route of administration of penicillin G

Answer 12

IV

Question 13

route of administration of imipenem-cilastatin

Answer 13

IV

Question 14

cilastatin is added to prevent??

Answer 14

hyrolysis by renal dehydropeptidase

Question 15

HL and dosing interval or imipenen-cilastatin

Answer 15

HL 1
every 6-8 hrs

Question 16

toxicity of imipenem-cilastatin

Answer 16

seizures especially in renal failure or with high doses

Question 17

route of administration of aztronam

Answer 17

IV

Question 18

HL and dosing interval of aztreonam

Answer 18

HL 1.5
dosing interval 8hrs

Question 19

route of administration of vancomycin

Answer 19

oral

Question 20

Hl of vancomycin

Answer 20

6hrs

Question 21

toxicity of vancomycin

Answer 21

“red man syndrome”
nephrotoxicity

Question 22

route of administration of daptomycin

Answer 22

IV

Question 23

HL of daptomycin

Answer 23

8hrs
once a day

Question 24

inactivated by pulmonary surfactant so cannot be used to treat pneumonia

Answer 24

daptomycin

Question 25

toxicity of daptomycin

Answer 25

myopathy

Question 26

intramuscular and long acting formulations of penicillins

Answer 26

benzathine penicillin procaine penicillin

Question 27

IV penicillins added stability to staphylococcal B-lactamase

Answer 27

nafcillin and oxacillin

Question 28

clearance of nafcillin and oxacillin

Answer 28

biliary clearance

Question 29

penicillins that has greater activity versus gram-negative bacteria; addition of B-lactamase inhibitors restores activity against many B-lactamses-producing bacteria

Answer 29

ampicillin,amoxicillin, piperacillin

Question 30

GLYCOPEPTIDE. IV, similar to vancomycin except long half life ( 45 - 70h ) permits once-daily dosing

Answer 30

teicoplanin

Question 31

GLYCOPEPTIDE IV, 10days HL, permits once-weekly dosing

Answer 31

dalbavancin and oritavancin

Question 32

GLYCOPEPTIDE IV, once-daily dosing

Answer 32

Telavancin

Question 33

MOA prevents bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibitng cell wall transpeptidases

Answer 33

penicillins cephalosporins carbapenems monobactams

Question 34

MOA inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to the D-ala-D-ala terminus of nascent peptidoglycan

Answer 34

glycopeptide (vancomycin)

Question 35

MOA binds to cell membrane, causing depolarization and rapid cell death

Answer 35

lipopeptide (daptomycin)

Question 36

effects rapid bactericidal activity against susceptible bacteria

Answer 36

penicillin cephalosporins carbapenems monobactams

Question 37

effects bactericidal activity against susceptible bacteria, slower kill than B-lactam antibiotics

Answer 37

glycopeptide (vancomycin)

Question 38

bactericidal activity against susceptible bacteria - more rapidly bactericidal than vancomycin

Answer 38

lipopeptide (daptomycin)

Question 39

IV, similar to imipenem; stable to renal dehydropeptidase, lower incidence of seizure

Answer 39

meropenem, doripenem

Question 40

IV, longer HL allows for once-daily dosing, lacks activity versus pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacter

Answer 40

ertapenem

Question 41

oral and IV, 2nd gen drug, improved activity vs pneumococcus and haemophilus influenzae

Answer 41

cefuroxime

Question 42

IV, 2nd gen drug, activity versus bacteriodes fragilis allows for use in abdominal, pelvic infections

Answer 42

cefotaten, cefoxitin

Question 43

IV, third gen drug, good CNS penetration, many uses including pneumonia, meningitis, pyelonephritis and gonorrhea

Answer 43

ceftriaxone

Question 44

HL of ceftriaxone (3rd gen)

Answer 44

6 hrs

Question 45

IV, 3rd gen, similar to cefriaxone; renal clearance and HL of 1hr

Answer 45

cefotaxime

Question 46

IV, 3rd gen, poor gram-positive activity, good activity versus pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer 46

ceftazidime

Question 47

IV, 4th gen drug, braod activity with improved stability to chromosal B-lactamases

Answer 47

cefepime

Question 48

active against methicillin-resistant staphylococci, broad gram-negative activity not including pseudomanas aeruginosa

Answer 48

ceftaroline

Question 49

IV, cephalosporin-B-lactamase inhibitor combination drugs, broad activity with improved stability to chromosomal B-lactamase and some extended spectrum B-lactamases

Answer 49

ceftazidine-avibactam ceftolozane-tazobactam