Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Infectious Disease > Beta Lactams > Flashcards

Beta Lactams Flashcards

(54 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Mechanism of Action

A

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis via inhibition of cross-linking of peptidoglyan in the cell wall, leading to autolysis and cell death. Bactericidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mechanism of Resistance

A

Beta-lactamase - acquired by plasmid transfer

Alteration of PBPs - due to mutation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

PBPs

A

Penicillin binding proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

MRSA resistance

A

Has acquired both Beta-lactamase and altered PBPs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

PCN 1/2 life

A

<2 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

PCN oral bioavailability

A

Poorly absorbed. This can lead to diarrhea.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

PCN Hypersensitivity

A

If a pt has a true hypersensitivity rxn to PCN, other PCNs should be avoided, even if they are from different classes of PCNs. If the rxn is not severe, cephalosporins and carbapenems may be useful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Natural PCNs

A 
PCN G (IV)
PCN VK (PO)
Procaine PCN (IM)
Benzathine PCN (IM)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Natural PCN Spectrum: Good

A 
Treponema pallidum (syphilis)
Some streptococci
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Natural PCN Spectrum: Moderate

A

Enterococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Natural PCN Spectrum: Poor

A

Atypicals

Almost everything else (narrow spectrum of activity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Antistaphylococcal PCN Spectrum: Good

A

MSSA

Streptococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Antistaphylococcal PCN Spectrum: Poor

A 
GNRs
Enterococci
Anaerobes
Atypicals
MRSA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Aminopenicillins Spectrum: Good

A

Streptococci

Enterococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Aminopenicillins Spectrum: Moderate

A

Some GNRs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Aminopenicillins Spectrum: Poor

A

Staph
Anaerobes
Atypicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Antistaphylococcal PCNs

A

Penicillinase-resistant
Nafcillin (IV)
Oxacillin (IV)
Dicloxacillin (PO)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Aminopenicillins

A

Extended-spectrum PCNs
Amoxicillin (PO)
Ampicillin (PO, IV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Antipseudomonal PCNs

A

Broad-spectrum PCNs
Piperacillin (IV)
Ticarcillin (IV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Antipseudomonal PCNs Spectrum: Good

A

Pseudomonas (And other GNRs)
Streptococci
Enterococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Antipseudomonal PCNs Spectrum: Moderate

A

More resistant GNRs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Antipseudomonal PCNs Spectrum: Poor

Study These Flashcards
A

Staph
Anaerobes
Atypicals

23
Q

Beta-Lactam/Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor Combinations

Study These Flashcards
A

Amoxicillin/Calvulanate
Ampicillin/sulbactam (Unasyn IV)
Pipercillin/tazobactam (Zosyn IV)
Ticarcillin/calvulanate (Timentin IV)

24
Q

Beta-Lactam/Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor Combinations Spectrum: Good

Study These Flashcards
A 
MSSA
Strep
Enterococci
Anaerobes
Enteric GNRs (including pseudomonas w/only Zosyn &amp; Timentin)
25
Beta-Lactam/Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor Combinations Spectrum: Poor
MRSA Atypicals ESBL producing Beta-lactamase
26
ESBL
Extended spectrum beta-lactamase
27
AE w/aminopenicillins
Similar to other beta-lactams Diarrhea w/PO administration More diarrhea with ampicillin than amoxicillin
28
AE w/antistaphylococcal PCNs
Similar to other beta-lactams | Interstitial nephritis, phlebitis
29
DOC for syphilis
Natural PCNs
30
Which PCN is eliminated via the liver
Antistaphylococcal PCNs
31
Which aminopenicillin has better oral absorption?
Amoxicillin
32
What is sulbactam good for?
Sulbactam has good activity against Acinetobacter
33
What is Acinetobacter?
A highly drug-resistant GNR that causes nosocomial infxns
34
Utility of natural PCNs
Syphilis | Susceptible strep infxn (pharyngitis, endocarditis)
35
Utility of antistaphylococcal PCNs
MSSA infxns (endocarditis, skin/soft tissue infxns)
36
Utility of aminopenicillins
Ampicillin DOC for susceptible enterococci Susceptible GNRs URTIs (pharyngitis, otitis media)
37
Utility of beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations
Zosyn/Timentin: empiric therapy for nosocomial infxns Augmentin: URTIs, LRTIs, UTIs Mixed infxns d/t anaerobic activity (intraabdominal, diabetic ulcers, aspiration pneumonia)
38
How do aminopenicillins achieve bactericidal activity against enterococci?
Must be combined with an aminoglycoside
39
What are the options for staph?
Beta-lactams kill staph quicker than vancomycin. Patients with MSSA infxns who lack serious beta-lactam allergies should be switched to anti-staph PCN or 1st generation cephalosporin when possible
40
Cross-allergenicity of cephalosporins and PCNs
Reduced cross-allergenicity. Most likely to cross with 1st generation <10% cross-reactivity
41
1st Generation cehalosporins
Cephalexin (PO) | Cefazolin (IV)
42
2nd Generation Cephalosporins
Cefuroxime (PO,IV) Cefoxitin (IV) Cefotetan (IV) Cefprozil (PO)
43
1st Generation Cephalosporins Spectrum: Good
MSSA (if can't tolerate PCN) | Streptococci
44
1st Generation Cephalosporins Spectrum: Moderate
Some enteric GNRs
45
1st Generation Cephalosporins Spectrum: Poor
Enterococci MRSA Anaerobes Pseudomonas
46
2nd Generation Cephalosporins Spectrum: Good
Some GNRs Haemophilus influenzae Neisseria
47
2nd Generation Cephalosporins Spectrum: Moderate
Strep Staph Anaerobes (cefotetan, cefoxitin)
48
2nd Generation Cephalosporins Spectrum: Poor
Enterococci MRSA Pseudomonas
49
Which cephalosporins are used for surgical prophylaxis in abdominal surgery?
Cefoxitin and Cefotetan
50
Which cephalosporins do not require renal adjustments?
Cefoxitin and Cefotetan
51
Which generation of cephalosporins does not cross the CNS?
1st Generation
52
Utility of 1st generation cephalosporins
Skin and soft tissue infxns, surgical prophylaxis, staph bloodstream infxns, endocarditis (MSSA)
53
Utility of 2nd generation cephalosporins
URTI, CAP, gonorrhea, surgical prophylaxis (cefotetan, cefoxitin)
54
CAP
Community acquired pneumonia

Infectious Disease (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions