Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Infectious Disease > SSTIs > Flashcards

SSTIs Flashcards

(70 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Normal flora of the face, neck

A

Staph. epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Normal flora of the axilla and groin

A

GNRs (acinetobacter spp.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Primary infections

A

Usually involve areas of previously healthy skin and are typically caused by one pathogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Secondary infections

A

Usually occur in areas of previously damaged skin and are often polymicrobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cSSTIs

A

Complicated
Represents the more severe end of all SSTIs
Classification secondary to clinical decision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Impetigo definition

A

Superficial infection of stratum corneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Impetigo epidemiology

A

Children

Poor hygiene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Impetigo causative organisms

A

S. aureus (including MRSA)

Group A streptococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Impetigo clinical presentation

A

Purulent, localized vesicles/lesions
Mild pain, pruritis
Most common on exposed areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Impetigo topical treatment

A

Wash affected area w/ soap and water
x 5 days if localized lesions
Mupiricin or Retapamulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Impetigo oral treatment

A

Dicloxicillin, keflex, augmentin
If MRSA suspected: Doxy, Clinda, Bactrim
If streptococci alone is isolated: PCN G PO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Erysipelas definition

A

Cellulitis involving the more superficial layers of the skin and cutaneous lymphatics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Erysipelas epidemiology

A

Very young and very old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Erysipelas causative organisms

A

Group A streptococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Erysipelas clinical presentation

A
  • Raised, erythematous lesions with clear line of demarcation
  • Typically associated with intense burning
  • Orange peel appearance
  • Often with systemic symptoms
  • Most commonly affects the lower extremities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Erysipelas treatment

A

PCN G (any route) or Amoxil x 7-10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Purulent SSTIs

A

Furuncles
Carbuncles
Cutaneous abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Furuncles definition

A

Infection of the hair follicle that usually extends through the dermis into the SQ tissue resulting in small abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Carbuncles

A

Inflammatory nodule that extends through multiple adjacent follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Purulent SSTI epidemiology

A

Irritation/injury to hair follicle/skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Purulent SSTI causative agent

A

S. aureus (if MRSA - angry looking w/black spot in the middle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Furuncle clinical presentation

A

Inflammatory, draining nodule involving a hair follicle
Lesions start as a firm, tender, red nodule that becomes painful and fluctuant
Lesions often drain spontaneously
Lesions caused by CA-MRSA often have necrotic centers characteristic of “spider bites”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Carbuncle clinical presentation

A

Form broad, swollen, erythematous, deep, and painful follicular masses
Commonly develop on the back of the neck and are more likely to occur in patients with diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

General treatment of Purulent SSTIs

A

Incision and drainage, culture/sensitivity testing recommended for all carbuncles, large furuncles and abscesses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Purulent SSTI treatment: Mild infection
Localized; no systemic signs of infection Mainly small furuncles ABX not needed
26
Purulent SSTI treatment: Moderate infection
``` systemic signs of infection; use PO Rx x 5-10 days Empiric Rx: Bactrim or doxycycline Defined Rx: -MRSA: Bactrim -MSSA: Dicloxacillin/keflex ```
27
Purulent SSTI infection: Severe infection
If failed incision/drainage PLUS PO antibiotics, or if systemic inflammatory response syndrome is present; use IV rx x 5-10 days Empiric Rx: MRSA coverage (Vanc, dapto, linexolid, telovancin, dalbovancin, oritavancin, ceftaroline) Defined Rx: -MRSA: same as above -MSSA: Nafcillin/oxacillin/clindamycin
28
Cellulitis definition
Involves deeper dermis and SQ fat
29
Cellulitis epidemiology
Breaches in skin, obesity CA-MRSA: At higher risk if smoker, have DM, recurrent infections, IVDU, crowding, frequent skin contact, sharing contaminated personal care items, lack of cleanliness
30
Cellulitis causative organisms
Group A stretptococci and S. aureus are most common | Occasionally other G+ cocci, GNR and/or anaerobes
31
Cellulitis clinical presentation
Erythematous, nonelevated lesions without defined margins Affected areas are edematous and warm to touch Lesions may be associated with purulent drainage, exudates, and/or abscesses Accompanied by systemic symptoms and lymphatic involvement
32
Cellulitis treatment: MSSA
``` 5 days of Rx for uncomplicated cases IV: Nafcillin/oxacillin PO: Dicloxacillin IV (if PCN allergic): Cefazolin PO (if PCN allergic): Keflex ```
33
Cellulitis treatment: MRSA
7-10 days | IV: Vanc
34
Necrotizing fasciitis definition
Rare SQ infection that spreads rapidly along fascial planes | Results in progressive destruction of SQ fat, fascia, and uscle compartments
35
Necrotizing fasciitis risk factors
DM, penetrating trauma, crush injuries/interrupted blood supply
36
Necrotizing fasciitis type I causative agents
Mixed anaerobes, GNRs, enterococci | Mortality 20%
37
Necrotizing fasciitis type II causative agents
Group A streptococci Associated systemic toxicity Mortality 20-60%
38
Necrotizing fasciitis clinical presentation
Skin necrosis or ecchymosis with fever, constant pain | Systemic toxicity: fever, leukocytosis, delirium, renal failure
39
Necrotizing fasciitis general treatment
Surgical debridement +/- amputation | + broad coverage
40
Necrotizing fasciitis type I treatment
Vancomycin/Linezolid PLUS | Pip/tazo or carbapenem or ceftriaxone (kids=cefotaxime [PLUS metronidazole/clinda if ceftriaxone/cefotaxime])
41
Necrotizing fasciitis type II treatment
Clindamycin PLUS PCN G (in cases of clinda resistance)
42
Diabetic Foot Infections Clinical Presentation
Swelling and erythema of the foot Purulent secretions Three distinct types (deep abscesses, cellulitis, ulcers) Potential complication = osteomyelitis Glucose control to optimize wound healing Wound care
43
Mild diabetic foot infection clinical presentation
Local | Involves only the skin and SQ tissue
44
Mild diabetic foot infections causative organisms
MSSA Streptococcus spp. MRSA
45
Mild diabetic foot infections treatment: MSSA and Streptococcus
Keflex | Augmentin
46
Mild diabetic foot infections treatment: MRSA
Bactrim | Doxycycline
47
Moderate diabetic foot infections clinical presentation
Local infection Erythema > 2cm Involving structures deeper than skin and SQ tissue AND No signs of systemic inflammatory response
48
Severe diabetic foot infections clinical presentation
``` Local infection AND Signs of systemic inflammatory response + >/=2 of the following: Temp >38 or <36 HR > 90 RR > 20 or PaCO2 < 32 WBC > 12000 or < 4000 > 10% bands ```
49
Moderate-severe diabetic foot infections causative organisms
``` MRSA MSSA Streptococcus spp. Enterobacteriaceae Obligate anaerobes P. aeruginosa ```
50
Moderate-Severe diabetic foot infections treatment: MSSA, streptococcus spp., Enterobacteriaceae, Obligate anaerobes
Amp/sulbactam | Ertapenem
51
Moderate-severe diabetic foot infections treatment: MRSA
Linezolid | Vancomycin
52
Moderate-severe diabetic foot infections treatment: P. aeruginosa
Pip/tazo
53
Moderate-severe diabetic foot infections treatment: MRSA, Enterobacteriaceae, P. aeruginosa, obligate anaerobes
Vancomycin PLUS Ceftazidime or cefepime OR +/- anaerobic coverage if not using pip/tazo or carbapenem
54
Osteomyelitis definition
Infection of the bone
55
Osteomyelitis etiology
``` Prosthetic joint implants/orthopedic surgery Trauma Compromised circulation Bacteremia Diabetic foot infections ```
56
Osteomyelitis clinical manifestations
Pain Swelling Drainage after surgery or injury
57
Osteomyelitis diagnosis
Imaging Laboratory tests (CBC, ESR, CRP) Cultures
58
Osteomyelitis treatment
Early surgical intervention Aggressive antibiotic therapy IV therapy: 4-6 weeks
59
Osteomyelitis causative organisms
``` MSSA MRSA Streptococcus spp. Enterobacteriaceae P. aeruginosa ```
60
Osteomyelitis treatment: MSSA
Nafcillin, oxacillin, cefazolin, ceftriaxone
61
Osteomyelitis treatment: MRSA
Vancomycin Linezolid Daptomycin
62
Osteomyelitis treatment: Streptococcus spp.
PCN G Ceftriaxone Clindamycin
63
Osteomyelitis treatment: Enterobaccteriaceae
Pip/tazo Ceftriaxone Cipro
64
Osteomyelitis treatment: P. aeruginosa
Pip/tazp Cefepime Cipro Imipenem/cilstatin
65
Animal bite causative organisms
Pasteurella multocida (most common) Streptococci Ctaphylococci
66
Animal bite preferred treatment
Augmentin
67
Animal bite treatment comments
Duration: 10-14 days | Cat bites have double infection rates compared to dog bites
68
Human bite causative organisms
``` Streptococci Staphylococci Eikenella corrodens PLUS Anaerobes (Fusobacterium, Peptostreptococcus, Prevotella, Perphyromonas) ```
69
Human bite preferred treatment
Augmentin Amp/sulbactam Ertapenem
70
Human bite comments
Duration: 10-14 days | Eikenella corrodens is resistant to 1st gen ceph, macrolides, clinda, and minoglycosides

Infectious Disease (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions