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beta lactams and cwi Flashcards

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1
Q

Antibiotics for immunocompromised patients

A

Bactericidal

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2
Q

Antibiotics for immunocompetent patients

A

Bacteriostatic

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3
Q

Confers antimicrobial property of antibiotics

A

Beta-lactam ring

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4
Q

Used in combination with antibacterials to protect hydrolyzable penicillins from inactivation

A

Beta-lactamase inhibitors

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5
Q

Enzymes that hydrolyze beta-lactam rings

A

Beta-lactamases

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6
Q

Lowest concentration of antibacterials that can inhibit microorganism growth

A

Minimal Inhibitory Concentration

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7
Q

Receptors for penicillin and other beta-lactams

A

Penicillin-binding Proteins (PBPs)

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8
Q

Chains of polysaccharides that form the cell wall

A

Peptidoglycan

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9
Q

Enzymes involved in cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains

A

Transpeptidases

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10
Q

Cell wall synthesis inhibitor DOC for UTI or uncomplicated cystitis

A

Fosfomycin

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11
Q

Cell wall synthesis inhibitor DOC for MRSA

A

Vancomycin

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12
Q

Cell wall synthesis inhibitor DOC for skin infections

A

Bacitracin

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13
Q

Inhibits tubular excretion of penicillin

A

Probenecid

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14
Q

Penicillins partly excreted in bile

A

Ampicillin and Nafcillin

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15
Q

Penicillins that can cross BBB when meninges are inflamed

A

Procaine and Benzathine Penicillin G

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16
Q

Is penicillin bacteriostatic or bactericidal

A

Bactericidal

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17
Q

Penicillin MOA

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by:
binding to PBPs
inhibiting transpeptidases
activating autolytic enzymes to cause lesions in the cell wall

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18
Q

Gene that causes mutation in PBP’s

A

mecA gene mutates PBP to PBP2A, which has less affinity to drugs

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19
Q

Narrow spectrum, penicillinase-susceptible drugs

A

Penicillin G, Penicillin V

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20
Q

Penicillin DOC for syphilis

A

Penicillin G

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21
Q

Most sensitive to penicillinases

A

Penicillin V

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22
Q

Most resistant to penicillinase

A

Oxacillin

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23
Q

Very narrow spectrum, penicillinase resistant

A

Methicillin, Nafcillin, Oxacillin

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24
Q

Penicillin causing interstitial nephritis

A

Methicillin

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25
Wider spectrum, penicillinase-susceptible
Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Piperacillin, Ticarcillin
26
Bacteria causing otitis media
M. catarrhalis, H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae
27
Penicillins with pseudomonal activity
Piperacillin, Ticarcillin
28
Penicillin causing neutropenia
Naficillin
29
Penicillin causing maculopapular rashes
Ampicillin
30
Caused by wide spectrum antibiotics that kill good gut bacteria
Pseudomembranous colitis
31
First gen cephalosporins
Cephalexin Cefazolin Cefadroxil Cephalotin Cephadrine Cephapirin
32
Second gen cephalosporins
Cefuroxime Cefoxitin Cefotetan Cefamandole
33
3rd gen cephalosporins
Ceftriaxone Cefotaxime Cefoperazone Ceftazidime Cefixime
34
4th gen cephalosporin
Cefepime
35
5th gen cephalosporin
Ceftaroline
36
Cephalosporins excreted biliary
Cefoperazone and Ceftriaxone
37
Cephalosporins taken parenterally (not oral)
Ceftriaxone, Cefoperazone, Ceftazidime
38
Cephalosporin used for surgical prophylaxis
Cefazolin
39
Cephalosporin with dermatological uses
Cephalexin
40
Cephalosporins with anaerobic properties; effective against B. fragilis
Cefotetan, Cefoxitin (2nd gen) Ceftizoxime (3rd gen)
41
Cephalosporins effective against H. influenzae or M. catarrhalis
Cefamandole, Cefuroxime, Cefaclor
42
3rd gen cephalosporins that cannot penetrate BBB
Cefoperazone and Cefixime
43
Cephalosporins that have pseudomonal activity
Cefoperazone, Ceftazidime
44
Cephalosporins for gonorrhea
Ceftriaxone (IV), Cefixime (oral)
45
Cephalosporin for Otitis media
Ceftriaxone
46
Cephalosporin that has no MRSA activity but has pseudomonal activity
Cefepime
47
Cephalosporins with Methylthiotetrazole group
Cefamandole, Cefoperazone, Cefotetan
48
Causes Hypoprothrombinemia and disulfiram-like reactions when combined with ethanol
Cefamandole, Cefoperazone, Cefotetan
49
Monobactam that is a last resort drug
Aztreonam
50
MOA of Aztreonam
Inhibitor of cell wall synthesis by binding to PBP3
51
Carbapenems with pseudomonal activity
Imipenem and Meropenem
52
DOC for Enterobacter
Carbapenems
53
Inactivated by renal dehydropeptidase I
Imipenem
54
Taken with imipenem, inhibits renal dehydropeptidase I and Inhibits formation of nephrotoxic metabolites
Cilastatin
55
Carbapenem that is CNS toxic
Imipenem
56
Similar to Imipenem but not metabolized by renal dehydropeptidase
Meropenem
57
Carbapenem without (less) pseudomonal activity
Ertapenem
58
Beta-lactamase inhibitors
Clavulanic acid, Sulbactam, Tazobactam
59
Binds to D-Ala-D-Ala terminal of the nascent peptidoglycan pentapeptide side chain
Vancomycin
60
Antimetabolite inhibitor of cytosolic enol pyruvate transferase
Fosfomycin
61
Prevents the formation of N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)
Fosfomycin
62
Inhibits transglycosylation Prevents elongation of peptidoglycan chain
Vancomycin
63
Interferes with late-stage cell wall synthesis in gram (+) organisms
Bacitracin
64
Blocks incorporation of D-Ala into the pentapeptide side chain
Cycloserine
65
Given for bacterial enterocolitis
Vancomycin
66
Red man syndrome
Vancomycin
67
How does vancomycin resistance form
replacement of D-Ala by D-lactate
68
Ototoxic and Nephrotoxic Cell wall inhibitor
Vancomycin
69
Cell wall inhibitor that is 2nd line drug for TB
Cycloserine
70
Neurotoxic Cell wall inhibitor
Cycloserine

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