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MT 6314 PCOL > Beta-Lactams Antibiotics Penicillin > Flashcards

Beta-Lactams Antibiotics Penicillin Flashcards

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1
Q

Antimicrobial drug that can eradicate an infection in the absence of host defense mechanisms; kills bacteria

A

Bactericidal

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2
Q

Antimicrobial drug that inhibits antimicrobial growth but requires host defense mechanisms to eradicate the infection; does not kill bacteria

A

Bacteriostatic

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3
Q

Bacterial enzymes that hydrolyze the beta- lactam ring of certain penicillins and cephalosporins

A

Beta-lactamase

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4
Q

Lowest concentration of antimicrobial drugs capable of inhibiting growth of an organism in a defined growth medium

A

Minimal Inhibitory Conc. (MIC)

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5
Q

Bacterial cytoplasmic membrane proteins that act as the initial receptors for penicillins and other beta-lactam antibiotics

A

Penicillin- Binding Proteins (PBP)

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6
Q

Chains of polysaccharides and polypeptides that are cross-linked to form the bacterial cell wall.

A

Peptidoglycan

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7
Q

Peptidoglycan consists of

A

N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid

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8
Q

Bacterial enzymes involved in the cross- linking of linear peptidoglycan chains, which is the final step in cell wall synthesis

A

Transpeptidase

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9
Q

Penicillins are susceptible to inactivation by

A

amidases and lactamases

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10
Q

Derivatives of 6-aminopenicillanic acid. Contains a thiazolidine ring structure

A

Penicillins

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11
Q

Penicillin that are acid stable

A

Dicloxacillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin

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12
Q

Penicillin that is not acid stable
a. Ampicillin
b. Nafcillin
c. Both
d. Neither

A

b. Nafcillin

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13
Q

Penicillins that are intramuscular, have long half-lives and cross the BBB.

A

Procaine and Benzathine Penicilline G

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14
Q

Penicillins that are partly excreted in bile

A

Ampicillin and Nafcillin

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15
Q

Penicillins that are excreted in both kidney and biliary

A

Oxacillin, dicloxacillin, cloxacillin

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16
Q

Mechanism of Action of Penicillin

A
  1. Binding of the drug to PBPs
  2. Inhibition of Transpeptidase Enzymes
  3. Activation of autolytic enzymes
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17
Q

Resistance mechanism of Penicillin
a. Inactivation of antibiotic
b. Modification of target PBPs
c. Both
d. Neither

A

c. Both

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18
Q

Resistance mechanism of Penicillin
a. Alteration of the PBPs
b. Production of efflux pump
c. Both
d. Neither

A

c. Both

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19
Q

Methicillin active against
a. pneumococci
b. staphylococci
c. enterococci
d. all of the above

A

b. staphylococci

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20
Q

Penicillin G resistance in
a. pneumococci
b. staphylococci
c. enterococci
d. a and c

A

d. a and c (pneumococci and enterococci)

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21
Q

Beta-lactam inhibitors may be used w/ penicillin to prevent their inactivation

A

clavulanic acid, sulbactam, tazobactam

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22
Q

Narrow Substance Specificity B-Lactamases are produced by
a. Staphylococcus aureus
b. Haemophilus influenzae
c. Escherichia coli
d. All of the above

A

d. All of the above

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23
Q

What drugs are Penicillins (Narrow-Spectrum Penicillinase-Susceptible Agents)

A

Penicillin G, Penicillin V, Benzathine and Procaine Penicillin

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24
Q

Penicillins (Narrow-Spectrum Penicillinase-Susceptible Agents) greatest activity against
a. gram (-) rods
b. non-B-lactamase producing anaerobes
c. both
d. neither

A

b. non-B-lactamase producing anaerobes

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25
Penicillin G is not resistant to a. S. pneumoniae (PRSP) b. S. auerus c. Spirochetes
c. Spirochetes
26
Drug of choice to treat syphilis a. Penicillin V b. Penicillin G c. Benzathine
b. Penicillin G
27
Drug of choice against spirochetes a. Penicillin V b. Penicillin G c. Benzathine
b. Penicillin G
28
Drug of choice against Treponema pallidum a. Penicillin V b. Penicillin G c. Benzathine
b. Penicillin G
29
Drug of choice against Clostridium species a. Penicillin V b. Penicillin G c. Benzathine
b. Penicillin G
30
Drug of choice against Actinomyces a. Penicillin V b. Penicillin G c. Benzathine
b. Penicillin G
31
For Penicillins (Narrow-Spectrum Penicillinase-Susceptible Agents). Toxicities include immediate hypersensitivity, rash, seizures a. Penicillin V b. Penicillin G c. Benzathine
b. Penicillin G
32
Drug of choice to treat Oropharyngeal infections a. Penicillin V b. Penicillin G c. Benzathine
a. Penicillin V
33
Drug of choice to treat Endocarditis a. Penicillin V b. Penicillin G c. Benzathine
a. Penicillin V
34
Oral form of penicillin a. Penicillin V b. Penicillin G c. Benzathine
a. Penicillin V
35
Drug of choice for infections caused by streptococci, meningococci, some enterococci a. Penicillin V b. Penicillin G c. Benzathine
b. Penicillin G
36
Drug of choice to treat B-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis a. Penicillin G b. Benzathine Penicillin
b. Benzathine Penicillin
37
Penicillins Resistant to Staphylococcal Beta-Lactamase (Very Narrow-Spectrum Penillinase-Resistant Agents)
Methicillin, Nafcillin, Isoxazolyl Penicillins (dicloxacillin), and Oxacillin
38
Dicloxacillin is active against a. Streptoccoci b. Staphylococci c. Both d. Neither
c. Both
39
Nafcillin is active against a. Streptococci b. Staphylococci c. Both d. Neither
c. Both
40
Methicillin is active against a. Streptoccoci b. Staphylococci c. Both d. Neither
c. Both
41
Oxacillin is active against a. enterococci b. gram (-) cocci c. both d. neither
d. neither
42
Drug of choice to treat moderate localized staphylococcal infections a. Dicloxacillin b. Nafcillin c. Oxacillin d. Methicillin
a. Dicloxacillin
43
Drug of choice to treat serious staphylococcal infections a. Dicloxacillin b. Nafcillin
b. Nafcillin
44
Toxicity of interstitial nephritis is associated with a. Oxacillin b. Dicloxacillin c. Methicillin
c. Methicillin
45
Toxicity of hepatitis is associated with a. Oxacillin b. Dicloxacillin c. Methicillin
a. Oxacillin
46
Toxicity of neutropenia is associated with a. Nafcillin b. Dicloxacillin c. Methicillin
a. Nafcillin
47
Resistant in S. auereus (MRSA) a. Nafcillin b. Dicloxacillin c. Methicillin
c. Methicillin
48
Resistant in S. epidermidis (MRSE) a. Nafcillin b. Dicloxacillin c. Methicillin
c. Methicillin
49
What drugs are Extended-Spectrum Penicillins (Penicillinase-Susceptible)
Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Piperacillin, and Ticarcillin
50
Toxicity of skin rashes in the setting of viral illness is associated with a. Amoxicillin b. Piperacillin c. Oxacillin d. Nafcillin
a. Amoxicillin
51
Drug of choice against Pneumococci a. Amoxicillin b. Piperacillin c. Oxacillin d. Nafcillin
a. Amoxicillin
52
Drug of choice against Shigella a. Amoxicillin b. Piperacillin c. Ampicillin d. Nafcillin
c. Ampicillin
53
Drug of choice against Klebsiella spp a. Amoxicillin b. Piperacillin c. Ampicillin d. Nafcillin
b. Piperacillin
54
Drug of choice against pseudomonas a. Amoxicillin b. Piperacillin c. Ampicillin d. Nafcillin
b. Piperacillin
55
Drug of choice to treat bacterial sinusitis a. Amoxicillin b. Piperacillin c. Ampicillin d. Nafcillin
a. Amoxicillin
56
Toxicity of maculopapular rashes is associated with a. Amoxicillin b. Piperacillin c. Ampicillin d. Nafcillin
c. Ampicillin
57
Toxicity of Acute kidney injury (when paired with tazobactam and vancomycin) is associated with a. Amoxicillin b. Piperacillin c. Ampicillin d. Nafcillin
b. Piperacillin
58
Drug of choice against Pneumococci a. Amoxicillin b. Ampicillin c. Both d. Neither
c. Both
59
Drug of choice to treat gram (-) rods a. Amoxicillin b. Ampicillin c. Both d. Neither
d. Neither
60
Drug of choice to treat pseudomonas a. Piperacillin b. Ticarcillin c. Both d. Neither
c. Both
61
Drug of choice to treat Klebsiella spp. a. Piperacillin b. Ticarcillin c. Both d. Neither
c. Both
62
Acid stable penicillin a. Amoxicillin b. Ampicillin c. Both d. Neither
c. Both

MT 6314 PCOL (3 decks)

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