Bias And Beyond

Question 1

Early smallpox treatment

Answer 1

Involved sniffing powder from died scabs, often gave mild smallpox but sometimes gave full smallpox and started new outbreaks

Question 2

Variolation definition

Answer 2

Inoculation with smallpox

Question 3

Population of variolation

Answer 3

In 18th century by Lady Mary Wortley, also popular in Turkey

Question 4

Jenner’s first vaccination (1796)

Answer 4

Inoculated 8-year-old James Phipps with cowpox, he was unwell for a few days, recovered, then months later was exposed to smallpox and remained perfectly healthy

Question 5

Why were vaccinations finally accepted after much rejection and criticism

Answer 5

It was effective in preventing smallpox, it was safer than variolation

Question 6

Vaccinations in the UK

Answer 6

UK government gave Jenner £30,000 for his discovery, but didn’t make vaccines compulsory until 1853

Question 7

Earlier discovery of vaccines

Answer 7

Benjamin Jesty in 1774, Peter Plett in 1791

Question 8

Timeline for eradication of smallpox

Answer 8

1967 WHO launched vaccination programme, 1977 last case of smallpox, 1980 WHO officially announced end of smallpox

Question 9

How many people (approx) were killed by smallpox in the 19th century

Answer 9

500 million