Big Idea 2: Data (17-22%)

Question 1

Bit

Answer 1

A single binary digit using either 0 or 1.

Question 2

Byte

Answer 2

8 bits

Question 3

Abstractions

Answer 3

• Find common features to generalize a program, enabling code shrinking using procedures
• Reducing # of code = reducing errors
• Bits are grouped to represent abstractions

Question 4

Analog Data

Answer 4

• Values change smoothly over time, continuous signals (Ex. Pitch, volume, painting colors, sprinter position in a race)

Question 5

Digital Data

Answer 5

• Values change in discrete intervals, discrete time signals
• Can approx digital data using sampling, which involves measuring values of the analog signal at regular intervals (samples)
• Smaller the sample rate, more accurate the signal
• This is an example of abstraction

Question 6

Round off Error

Answer 6

When decimals (real numbers) are rounded differently (Ex. ⅓ may be 0.33 on one computer and 0.3333 on another, making them unequal)

Question 7

Data Compression

Answer 7

Reducing the size (# of bits) of transmitted/stored data

Question 8

Lossless Compression

Answer 8

No data loss, original file can be reproduced, difficult to store, transfer, and handle

Question 9

Lossy Compression

Answer 9

Significantly reduces the file size, decreasing resolution, will not recover original file due to data loss, used to minimize size or transmission time (utilized for audio and video)

Question 10

Correlation

Answer 10

There’s a relation but one does not cause the other so additional research is needed

Question 11

Causation

Answer 11

One directly causes the other

Question 12

Cleaning Data

Answer 12

Makes data uniform without changing the meaning (Ex. Changing “seven” to 7)

Question 13

Filtering Data

Answer 13

Looking at a subset of data (Ex. keeping only the positive numbers from a list, or keeping only students who signed up for band from a record of all the students)

Question 14

Metadata

Answer 14

Data that describe your data, increases the effective use of data/data sets by providing additional information about various aspects of the data (Ex. Data = photo, Metadata = date, time, and location of photo)

Question 15

What can binary represent?

Answer 15

• ALL DIGITAL DATA (colors, Boolean loops, lists, etc.)
• Anything stored on a computer

Question 16

What does data size affect?

Answer 16

The size/amount of info you extract

Question 17

Extract or Modify Data: Transforming

Answer 17

doubling every element in a list, or adding a parent’s email to every student record

Question 18

Extract or Modify Data: Visualizing

Answer 18

Using a chart, graph, or other visual representation