Big Idea 4 (11-15%) Flashcards
computing device
a physical artifact that
can run a program. EX: computers, tablets, servers, routers, and smart sensors.
computing system
a group of computing
devices and programs working together for a
common purpose.
computing network
a group of
interconnected computing devices capable of
sending or receiving data. (type of computing system)
path
between two computing devices on a
computer network (a sender and a receiver) is
a sequence of directly connected computing
devices that begins at the sender and ends at
the receiver.
routing
the process of finding a path from
sender to receiver.
bandwidth
the
maximum amount of data that can be sent in a
fixed amount of time. (bits per second)
Internet
a computer network
consisting of interconnected networks that
use standardized, open (nonproprietary)
communication protocols.
protocol
an agreed-upon set of rules that
specify the behavior of a system.
scalability
the capacity for
the system to change in size and scale to meet
new demands.
data streams
Information is passed through the Internet as
a data stream. Data streams contain chunks of
data, which are encapsulated in packets.
packet
contain a chunk of data and metadata
used for routing the packet between the origin
and the destination on the Internet, as well as
for data reassembly
redundancy
the inclusion of extra
components that can be used to mitigate
failure of a system if other components fail.
fault-tolerant
When a system can support failures and still
continue to function
sequential computing
a computational
model in which operations are performed in
order one at a time.
parallel computing
a computational model
where the program is broken into multiple
smaller sequential computing operations,
some of which are performed simultaneously
